The phrase "wind penetration" refers to the amount or percentage of electricity produced by wind power that is integrated into a power grid or system. It indicates how much of the total energy consumed comes from wind sources. Full definition
Higher wind penetration increases export opportunities which in turn increases export revenue. (canwea.ca)
At wind penetration levels of 2,000 MW (20 %) on the PacifiCorp system, the average integration costs were $ 5.50 / MWh, consisting of an incremental reserve component of $ 2.50 and an imbalance cost of $ 3.00. (scienceofdoom.com)
It seems like there should be many more studies, especially given the increase in wind penetration of electricity networks in Germany, UK and Ireland. (scienceofdoom.com)