Sentences with phrase «antibody gene»

The first step was to insert an artificial chromosome containing the cumbersome human antibody gene into the nucleus of a cow cell.

Instead VIP provides the protective antibody gene, giving the host the tools to target the malaria parasite.

When creating the antimalaria antibody gene drive, the researchers had to inject Cas9, guide RNAs and bits of DNA containing the gene drive into the egg.

Explaining the background to the research, Dr. Ramiro describes how «an essential process in antibody generation takes place in structures called germinal centers, where antibody genes undergo small modifications that increase the efficiency and specificity of the immune response.

The company now has an array of fully human antibodies in its pipeline created with its proprietary VelocImmune mouse, which has been engineered to express human antibody genes while still mounting a robust immune response by making antibodies with fully human variable regions and mouse constant regions.

But in addition to beneficial mutations in antibody genes, says Robbiani, AID can cause «off - target» damage and shuffling of cancer - causing genes.

The next step, he says, is to knock out the cows» own antibody genes, so they will produce only human antibodies.

«Most people have common antibody gene responses to infections and vaccinations, so when we first started these studies, we suspected this might be the case for PV, we just didn't know which gene it was going to be.»

With automation technology that can maintain millions of these cultured test cells, infect them with viral vectors that deliver antibody genes, and then detect the cells that fluoresce, the technique is capable of screening two million test cells per hour.

Antibody gene transfer for HIV immunoprophylaxis.

Deal C, Balazs AB, Espinosa D, Zavala F, Baltimore D, Ketner G. Vectored antibody gene delivery protects against Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite challenge in mice.

This method could have major benefits to de-extinction, but more so excitingly it could have huge implications for endangered species that have lost genetic diversity or are immunocompromised, as it offers a way to edit lost genes and antibody genes directly into developing birds.

Five years ago, Singh and colleagues reported in Science that even in developing B cells, antibody genes start off at the nuclear periphery.

Further, we have a keen interest in developing innovative methods for antibody modeling and design (Willis, J.; et al.; «Human germline antibody gene segments encode polyspecific antibodies»; PLoS Comput Biol; 2013; 9; 100304).

Around the same time that transgenic mice began to be used to produce human antibodies, scientists also started employing a genomic technology called phage display to build massive libraries of human antibody genes that could be screened quickly.»

The generation of the germinal centers requires B cells to undergo a complex transcriptional program to allow them to divide rapidly, modify their antibody genes, and pass through a selection procedure that induces either their survival or their death.

The researchers then harvested the antibody genes these cells contained, and distributed them among a fresh set of cells.

In germinal centers — the sites within lymph nodes where mature B cells cluster — B cells proliferate and undergo hypermutation of their antibody genes to generate high - affinity antibodies.

On the other hand, antibody genes are actively transcribed and recombined in developing B - cells, and therefore positioned in the nuclear interior, far away from the periphery.

«In cells that don't produce antibodies, like fibroblasts or T - cells, these antibody genes are attached to the inner nuclear membrane and are not recombined or expressed,» said Singh.