As such, the M - branded variants of the new generation could be offered with all - wheel drive based on a hybrid system that puts an electric
motor at the rear axle.
The results are greater and more uniform drive
force at the rear axle, increased traction and faster acceleration.
Optional adaptive dampers and an air suspension
system at the rear axle make for a comfortable ride that gets formidable on a winding road.
Like the standard X5, the X5 M gets an air
suspension at the rear axle, but it adds adaptive suspension components at the front wheels.
With its wider rear track the GT C also feels more stable and better
supported at the rear axle, which means you can lean on it ever harder.
The car also comes standard with an electronically controlled locking
differential at the rear axle, which is integrated with the rear - mounted transmission.
The spoiler lip on the boot lid, painted in the vehicle body colour, reduces
lift at the rear axle and thereby increases driving stability at high speeds.
For the driver this means greater stability and more spontaneous and harmonious initiation of a change in direction due to the faster build - up of lateral
forces at the rear axle.
Production cars don't generally squeeze 480 horsepower out of a V - 6, or have the transmission
mounted at the rear axle.
Not only does this further reduce lift at the front axle, it also provides
downforce at the rear axle for improved aerodynamics and even better performance — combined with a surprisingly high level of comfort.
The placement of the multi-plate
clutch at the rear axle provides for a harmonious distribution of the axle loads, and the chassis of the Audi A1 quattro has been adapted to the dynamics of the drivetrain.
On request, Audi will combine quattro all - wheel drive with the optional sport differential on the rear axle: It uses two superposition gears to steplessly vary the distribution of the
power at the rear axle between the wheels.
Here, the front drive unit is inactive, and the electric motor
at the rear axle with its powerful torque can rapidly accelerate the two - door car to a top speed of 130 km / h (80.78 mph).
BMW does offer an optional limited - slip differential, which is wise, because this is a car that really benefits from having more
control at the rear axle away from a corner.
The heart of the quattro permanent all - wheel drive system is the hydraulically operated and electronically controlled multi-plate clutch
located at the rear axle.
The running gear employs double triangular control arms at the front axle and trapezium links made of forged aluminum
components at the rear axle — a configuration that has proven its merit in motor sports as an optimal layout for high dynamics, maximum precision and exact intrinsic steering behavior.
The reverse process takes place just as quickly: as soon as additional drive torque is no longer
necessary at the rear axle — e.g. in case of heavy braking maneuvers with ABS intervention — the rear powertrain is deactivated and torque is reduced to zero.
In E-mode, which the driver activates by button push, only the 114 - hp electric motor
at the rear axle provides propulsive power.
The gearbox has been switched into a transaxle
arrangement at the rear axle to cope with the extra muscle, the first gear ratio is higher while seventh gear and final drive ratios are lower.
To improve traction and dynamism the AMG GT 63 S has an electronically controlled locking differential
at the rear axle as standard.
The C 63 Saloon has a separation edge on the boot lid, while the estate has a roof spoiler — each of which ensure even better
grip at the rear axle.
The top Roadster also takes its lead from the top AMG GT R sports car where muscular proportions are concerned: the wider rear wings create space for a wider track and wider
wheels at the rear axle, allowing even higher cornering speeds and best traction.
The NOVITEC TORADO N - LARGO measures 204 centimeters in
width at the rear axle or 12 centimeters more than the production car.
They permit an individual lowering of the car between 25 - 55 mm at the front axle and 25 - 50
mm at the rear axle.
In this case (and if battery charge is low), the front electric motor — which is now being supplied with kinetic energy via the TSI — acts solely as a generator and a source of electricity for its
counterpart at the rear axle.
If you want to get the tail out while still having some all - wheel drive traction, the M5 offers a 4WD Sport mode that allows some
slip at the rear axle.
It was a Ferrari - based semi-automatic transmission, mounted
at the rear axle in block with the differential in a transaxle layout, with the twin - plate dry clutch located in a bell housing attached to the rear of the engine.
The high - end rear - axle differential transfers the forces
at the rear axle between the wheels as needed for even greater dynamism and stability.
The width of the Michelin race slicks was increased by two centimetres to 27 centimetres at the front and by ten
millimetres at the rear axle to now measure 31 centimetres.
While the electric motor automatically recuperates maximum
energy at the rear axle during deceleration, a high - volt generator connected to the combustion engine additionally charges the battery whenever needed.
The result is reduced lift at the front axle and increased downforce
at the rear axle for improved aerodynamics and another boost in performance.
If they rotate at greatly different speeds due to a loss of
traction at the rear axle, the oil becomes more viscous as a result of its internal friction.