Sentences with phrase «atmospheric ionization»
Atmospheric ionization refers to the process of adding or removing charged particles in the air. It occurs when molecules or atoms in the atmosphere gain or lose electrons, becoming positively or negatively charged ions. Full definition
This is also why global warming alarmists try to do their best to quench anything related to the the solar variability → cosmic ray flux → atmospheric ionization → low altitude cloud cover link which by now has ample evidence for support, both empirical and experimental.
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Large changes in atmospheric ionization induced by sporadic SEP events may potentially also affect radio wave propagation in the Venusian atmosphere.
Thus, it is plausible that changes to atmospheric ionization rates due to cosmic ray variability may affect the occurrence of electrical phenomena in the Venusian atmosphere (Nordheim et al. 2015) hence manifesting a relation between space weather and meteorological phenomena.
At low energies (which are not relevant to the amount of atmospheric ionization, but which keep on being mentioned by you or others), the increase from the 70's is week, though it is still there, and comparable to the decreased from the 1940's.
Unlike the quiet - time background GCR flux, SEP events have been shown to produce large altitude - dependent enhancements in atmospheric ionization, with the altitude of the ionization peak depending strongly on the shape of the SEP primary spectrum (Sheel et al. 2012; Norman et al. 2014; Gronoff et al. 2015).
Cosmic ray ionization in the Martian atmosphere has been studied extensively using computational models (Whitten et al. 1971; Molina - Cuberos 2001; Molina - Cuberos et al. 2001; Norman et al. 2014; Gronoff et al. 2015), with the general result that the atmospheric ionization profile due to GCR is relatively flat, with monotonically increasing ionization rates with decreasing altitude and increasing atmospheric density.
When measured with high energies (e.g., as measured with muon ionization chambers), namely, at energies relevant to the amount of atmospheric ionization, the increase is larger, more than the decreased from the 1940's to 1970's.
As you point out, it will be important to spread out the proton beam so the atmospheric ionization will be efficiently dispersed.