Covariance refers to how two things change together. If two variables have positive
covariance, it means they tend to increase or decrease together. If they have negative
covariance, it means one tends to increase while the other decreases. No
covariance means there is no consistent relationship between the variables.
Full definition
We analyzed data using the LISREL 8 analysis
of covariance structure approach to path analysis and maximum likelihood estimates.175
Part of this discussion will deal with the estimation of large
covariance matrices, which is a key issue in D&A.
Statistical analyses (repeated measures analysis of
covariance with intent - to - treat) revealed statistically and clinically significant reduction in PTSD symptoms (p < 0.0005, Cohen's d = 0.85) as well as depression (p < 0.0005, Cohen's d = 0.70) for the group receiving HT+GI vs. TAU.
Field intercomparison of four methane gas analyzers suitable for
eddy covariance flux measurements
[jounal] Hu, L. J. / 1999 / Cutoff criteria for fit indexes
in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternative / Structural Equation Modeling 6: 1 ~ 55
After excluding stocks with fewer than three years of immediately past data, the researchers used up to five years of monthly returns to
estimate covariance matrices and optimize portfolios.
Analysis of longitudinal studies with missing data
using covariance structure modeling with full - information maximum likelihood
[Response: The AWS records useful because they provide a totally independent estimate of the
spatial covariance pattern in the temperature field (which we primarily get from satellites).
The
error covariance matrix at level 1 (among the different measures of child problems) was modeled as unstructured.
Measurements of GPP by eddy
covariance methods is auto - correlated with other components of the carbon cycle and is restricted to specific locations.
Celis et al., 2017 combined six years of eddy
covariance flux tower data and soil respiration chambers and found that a moist tundra site was a source of carbon to the atmosphere, but much of the net source arises from the slow, but continuous emissions in winter.
Loadings for the slope factors were constrained to the estimates from the unconditional models and
covariances across the growth models were freely estimated.
The tower is part of the AmeriFlux network, a consortium of scientists using a network to work with the eddy
covariance technique, measuring fluxes of CO2 and CH4 at multiple sites across the Americas.
From an
unstructured covariance matrix for the intercept and race effects, their correlation coefficient was calculated as
Factor analyses of autistic traits in clinical ASD and community samples, using a variety of ASD measurement tools, generally indicate that multiple factors account for the
observed covariance structure of ASD symptoms and traits (Happé and Ronald 2008; Mandy and Skuse 2008).
Estimating background error
covariance parameters and assessing their impact in the OSTIA system Read more»
In this specific site, the researchers are measuring the exchange of CO2 and CH4 between the ecosystem and the atmosphere using the first eddy
covariance tower established in the state of Delaware since 2015.
Final models control for dependence over time assuming
autoregressive covariance structure that provided the best fit of the models.
Linear regressions and analyses of
covariance adjusted for various background variables were conducted.
They chose principal component analysis (PCA) to overcome the estimation errors inherent in
sample covariance matrices.
For any given level of correlation with the predictand, a high - variance predictor variable will have a
higher covariance with it than a low - variance one.
These results indicate that cortical regions within rsFC - defined systems exhibit similar thinning patterns across the lifespan, and that
structural covariance of cortical thinning may delineate local cortical distinctions.
In practise the estimated
covariance function of the joint output / input signal obtained by a closed loop experiment will [b] never [/ b] have the structural properties associated with the feedback system.
«I should have computed the
historical covariances of the asset classes and drawn an efficient frontier,» Markowitz once said.
Whitening involving transforming the discrepancies, using an estimate of the inverse spatio - temporal natural
variability covariance matrix, so that they would, in a perfect world, be independent standardised normal random variables.
Phrases with «covariance»