The research suggests an interesting possibility that birds and primates evolved intelligence independently, developing
vastly different brain structures but starting with the same shared sets of cell types.
Different brain structures seem to support different kinds of learning and memory; brain damage can lead to the loss of one type without disturbing the others.
«Anatomists have debated how to compare the DVR and neocortex for over a century, and our identification of IT neurons in the bird DVR helps to explain how
such different brain structures can give rise to similar behaviors.»
If our results are confirmed in future studies, it would be a unique demonstration of convergent evolution of intelligence, involving the same neurotransmitter receptors despite the
widely different brain structures of birds and mammals.»
A study published in May found that this duplication (or absence) of genetic material relates to a
distinctly different brain structure, such as a larger or smaller corpus callosum, the tract of white matter connecting the brain's hemispheres.
«We have long wondered how the cerebral cortex can process and integrate separate information lines coming in
from different brain structures, or from other areas of the cortex, and how it sorts out what information is relevant at any given moment,» says senior study investigator Bernardo Rudy, MD, PhD.
(And for those who want to delve into the neuroscience, there's an interesting piece on the convergent evolution of intelligence in crows and apes, who, it seems,
use different brain structures to reason.)
As the groups were well - matched in terms of other factors that can change brain structure, such as education and levels of depression, yoga practice appears to underlie the yoginis»
different brain structure.
Using a microscope with a laser attached, they precisely cut the brains into slices 20 micrometres thick and stained them to identify
the different brain structures.
By recording volume variations in the blood vessels irrigating
the different brain structures, it is therefore possible to determine the location of activated neurons.
«Fish born in larger groups develop more social skills,
different brain structure.»
The researchers also found that those fish raised in a more complex social environment have
a different brain structure to those who experienced fewer group members in early life.
Humans can easily learn foreign words that refer to a specific object, and it was assumed that chimps and other animals could not, perhaps owing to
their different brain structure.