An
"ecumenical council" refers to a meeting where representatives of different branches of Christianity come together to discuss important matters of faith and practice. These councils help to promote unity among various Christian denominations by addressing theological issues and making decisions that are binding for all participating churches.
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Nicholas was one of the bishops who attended the first
ecumenical council at Nicea in A.D. 325, where various church leaders discussed the divine nature of Christ.
He murdered his wife and son for this reason in AD 326 while he was actually presiding at the
First Ecumenical Council of Nicea!
Arguably the foremost decision unanimously agreed upon at that assembly of church heads was the convocation of a Great Council in 2016, tentatively planned to be held in the Church of Haghia Irene — the site of the
second ecumenical council of 381, which completed the «creed» recited by most Christians today.
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In 787, the
seventh ecumenical council in Nicea resolved the controversy over icons by declaring that both word and image may lead to knowledge of God.
«As the Catholic faith reflects upon itself and the tradition of the
great ecumenical Councils is more profoundly scrutinised, better theologians refuse the simplistic answers of liberal theology and return to ecclesial tradition.
They sought authorization from the ecclesiastical authorities, including the Third Lateran Council (called by the Roman Catholics the
Tenth Ecumenical Council), were refused, and, along with the Cathari, were condemned (1179).
All issues of disagreement have been settled between the Chalcedonian (that is, those churches which accepted the pronouncements of the
Fourth Ecumenical Council, held in Chalcedon in A.D. 451) and non-Chalcedonian Orthodox Churches.
In Vermont, when a legislative committee proposed to investigate the Unification Church, an official of the state
Ecumenical Council finally opposed the effort as a disturbing precedent.
This was not my first taste of Vatican II — that had come in an undergraduate church history course — but it was my first exposure to the difference the recently
concluded ecumenical council might make to the thought of theologians and in the lives of Christians, not least those outside the Roman Catholic Church.
In his December 28, 2015 address to the Orthodox clergy, metropolitan Onufriy claimed that since the seven
ecumenical councils represent the fullness of the church's teaching, the eighth council was not only superfluous, but also quite dangerous.
One reason why, I'm convinced, is that Vatican II, unlike
previous ecumenical councils, did not provide authoritative keys to its own proper interpretation.
Frankly, any understanding of divine sovereignty so unsubtle that it requires the theologian to assert (as Calvin did) that God foreordained the fall of humanity so that his glory might be revealed in the predestined damnation of the derelict is obviously problematic, and probably far more blasphemous than anything represented by the heresies that the
ancient ecumenical councils confronted.
Of course a Catholic who looks eastward finds nothing to which he objects, because what he sees is the Church of the
Seven Ecumenical Councils (but» here's the rub» for him, this means the first seven of twenty - one).
For better or for worse (depending on one's view), the Orthodox aren't going to be giving up on our
dogmatic ecumenical councils or revising our Divine Liturgy.
The WCC Commission on Faith and Order, meeting at Bristol, England, in i967, said: «In working toward the time when the churches, in spite of their existing differences, could accept each other in eucharistic fellowship, the ecumenical movement also works toward the time when a
true Ecumenical Council can become an event.»
These have concentrated on tracing dogmatic development from Jesus to Scripture to the Fathers and
ecumenical councils before explaining the mysteries» inherent intelligibility.
Your editorial has made me realise that I have been very fortunate to have had this chance to engage so constructively with themes so clearly presented by the Church's most
recent Ecumenical Council.
The Second
Ecumenical Council also concluded that «the Holy Spirit, the third person of the Trinity, is God, one and equal with the Father and the Son, of the same substance and also of the same nature.»
In my mind we Christians have been trying to be a little too smart by half for a few centuries now and have forgotten that the early Christians decided things in
ecumenical councils where the Spirit, if allowed, could move in hundreds of men to interpret Scripture.
Innocent III called and dominated the Fourth Lateran Council (1215), regarded by the Roman Catholic Church as the
Twelfth Ecumenical Council.
As anyone with the most rudimentary grasp of ecclesiastical history knows the Church often takes time to stabilise after a
major Ecumenical Council.
The Second
Ecumenical Council at Constantinople in A. D. 381, resolved that Christ is «the only - begotten Son of God, eternally begotten of the Father, light from light, true God from true God, begotten not made, consubstantial with the Father.»
At the
First Ecumenical Council called by Constantine at Nicea in A. D. 325, the bishops agreed that the Son is consubstantial with the Father.
On January 25, 1959, less than three months after his election, John XXIII surprised the Catholic world by announcing that he would summon the twenty - first
ecumenical council in history.
The original plan envisioned the gathering of the Council at the Church of Hagia Irene in Istanbul, where the
Second Ecumenical Council was held in 381.
Despite news reports to the contrary, the Orthodox Church has had numerous such councils since either the eighth or eleventh century — depending on whether the
Seventh Ecumenical Council (787) or the Great Schism (1054, roughly) is the supposed occasion of the last meeting.
Unfortunately, some conservative Orthodox leaders have prematurely jumped to the conclusion that the Ecumenical Patriarchate intends the «Great and Holy» Council to be ecumenical in the sense uniquely attributed to the first seven
ecumenical councils.
Cardinal Müller: Not even
an ecumenical council can change the doctrine of the Church, because her Founder, Jesus Christ, entrusted the faithful preservation of his teachings and doctrine to the apostles and their successors.
Moscow realizes that the gathering of the Council specifically in Istanbul has an important symbolic significance for the authority of the Ecumenical Patriarch, since six out of the seven
Ecumenical Councils (with the exception of the Council of Ephesus) have taken place in Constantinople or its environs (Chalcedon is presently Kadiköy, a district of Istanbul, and Nicaea, modern Iznik, is within a short ride from the capital).