Sentences with phrase «electrons in the material»

They then added a layer of graphene in order to apply an electric voltage with which the density of electrons in the material could be controlled.

By adjusting various parameters — such as the density of conduction electrons in the material or the strength of the DC electric field — it is possible to tune the cutoff wavenumber and, consequently, the frequency of the resulting terahertz radiation.

Until recently, there were no experimental reports of superconductivity in graphene although its close relatives, graphite and fullerenes can be made superconducting by intentionally introducing electrons in the material (doping).

Seeing how atoms and electrons in a material respond to external stimuli can give scientists insight into unsolved problems in solid - state physics, such as the basis for high - temperature superconductivity and the many intriguing properties of other exotic materials.

The second paper, published May 12, explores fast electrons in a material made from the elements bismuth and selenium.

When photons hit the light - absorbing perovskite, they excite electrons in the material, which move, leaving behind positively charged holes while a hole conductor pulls the holes away.

«Below a critical temperature, electrons in the material act in a fundamentally different way, and it starts superconducting,» says Beck.

The team used SLAC's LCLS to measure atomic vibrations and ARPES to measure the energy and momentum of electrons in a material called iron selenide.

The correlated behavior of itinerant electrons in these materials sets complex oxides apart from traditional semiconductors such as Si and GaAs.

To observe ultrafast electron motions in space and time, one needs to measure the position of electrons in the material with a precision of the order of 0.1 nm (0.1 nm = 10 - 10 m), roughly corresponding to the distance between neighboring atoms, and on a sub-100 fs time scale (1 fs = 10 - 15s).

Thermoelectrics work when they connect something hot with something cold: «The thermal motion of the electrons in the material depends on the temperature,» explains Bühler - Paschen.

When the incoming electron meets the superconductor, it pairs up with another electron in the material to form a duo known as a Cooper pair.

Recent experiments suggest the electrons in this material will not interfere with the propagation of light emitted by thorium nuclei (Physical Review Letters, DOI: 10.1103 / PhysRevLett.106.162501).

«If you do this many times, for many photons, you can slowly build up an image of the distribution of the electrons in the material.

«I wanted to see the electrons in the material.

As a final result, you get an image of the location of most of the electrons in the material at a specific time delay.

The electrons in the material follow the oscillation of the laser field and short circuit it so it can not propagate inside the board.

The phenomenon of broken symmetry can only be explained if the electrons in this material form special Cooper pairs, namely spin - triplet pairs, instead of the usual spin - singlet pairs.

One then observes the material's reaction to these pulses to see how the electrons in the material are excited into motion and, like a bell, emit resonant vibrations at specific frequencies, as harmonics of the incident light.

Of particular interest for modern material research in solid state physics are «strongly correlated systems,» so called for the strong interactions between the electrons in these materials.

«If we want to use light to control the properties of electrons in a material, then we need to know exactly how the electrons will react to light pulses,» Ivanov explains.

«This is the first direct observation that these two phenomena are linked: The density waves with their associated nanoscale distortions disappear and the electrons in the material change their personality suddenly at a well - defined material composition,» Billinge said.

Unlike in the standard Fermi liquid model, the quantum mechanical spins of some electrons in the material are linked together in an FFL.

Experimentalists looking for new topological insulators have conventionally relied on a laborious process that involves calculating the possible energies of electrons in each material to predict its properties.

«But it turns out that if you shine the light in different directions, you get different results, because the interaction between the light and the electrons in the material — the electron - photon interaction — is also anisotropic, but in a non-commensurate way.»

In their experiments, the team observed a so - called percolation transition taking place among the electrons in the material.

Normally, light causes the electrons in a material (think water or glass) to slosh back and forth, which in turn nudges the light to bend in a way that makes, say, a straw in a glass of water look broken.

«This is unambiguous smoking - gun evidence to confirm theoretical predictions for the conduction of electrons in these materials,» said Purdue University doctoral student Yang Xu, lead author of a paper appearing this week in the journal Nature Physics.

The Kondo effect occurs when the presence of a magnetic atom (an impurity) causes the movement of electrons in a material to behave in a peculiar way.

Light can disappear: If the photon has the same vibrational frequency as the electrons in the material it strikes, those electrons absorb its energy, changing the photon from light into heat.

While most magnetic materials are «collinear», meaning that the magnetic orientations of the electrons in the materials are arranged either in the same or opposite directions — that is, what we think of as «north» or «south» — this was not the case for the affected nickelate.

Put simply, the electrons in the material can flow unrestricted through the cold immobilized atomic lattice.

Eiji Saitoh of Keio University in Yokohama, Japan, and his collaborators found that heating one side of a magnetized nickel - iron rod changes the arrangement of the electrons in the material according to their spins.