But before any type of
human embryo editing can be used in the clinic, it must be as safe and effective as existing embryo screening methods.
The panel's report earlier this year concluded that a clinical trial
involving embryo editing would be ethically allowable under narrow circumstances.
The disadvantage: this method is subject to the life cycle of the birds in the same way as
direct embryo editing (mentioned above).
The timing of DNA deletion is paramount to the success of the procedure — previous
embryo editing trials done in China in 2015 and 2016 attempted to delete mutated code after fertilization with wonky results.
He has heard from other UK scientists who are interested in pursuing
embryo editing research, he says, and expects that more applications will follow.
Fan's team writes in the paper that proof - of - principle experiments for human -
embryo editing such as theirs are important to conduct while the ethical and legal issues of germline modification are being hashed out.
EMBRYO EDIT Researchers in China and Texas have used CRISPR / Cas9 to repair disease - causing mutations in viable human embryos.
Lander was among the organizers of an international summit at NAS in December 2015 who called for more discussion before proceeding
with embryo editing.
Like other bodies that have recently reviewed CRISPR and older genome editing methods, the committee also endorsed basic research
using embryo editing to study areas such as early human development.
Those situations could be limited to couples who both have a serious genetic disease and for
whom embryo editing is «really the last reasonable option» if they want to have a healthy biological child, says committee co-chair Alta Charo, a bioethicist at the University of Wisconsin in Madison.
Congress has also banned the U.S. Food and Drug Administration from considering a clinical trial
of embryo editing.
Evan Snyder, a stem - cell scientist at the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute in La Jolla, California, says that he doesn't know of anyone in the United States conducting
human embryo editing.
Congress has meanwhile prohibited the U.S. Food and Drug Administration from reviewing applications for clinical trials
involving embryo editing.
Embryos edited to remove the OCT4 gene (right) fail to make normal blastocysts.
She is concerned that once regulators have approved
an embryo editing treatment for a serious disease, IVF clinics will feel free to use it to select embryos with desirable traits.
The plea was made by those working on gene editing with adult cells who are concerned that
embryo editing could have unpredictable effects on future generations and stimulate a public outcry.
The NAS report notes that many inherited diseases can be prevented by selecting healthy embryos for in vitro fertilization, and that
embryo editing might only be justified if it presents the only option for a couple to have a healthy biological child.
But Darnovsky says the report «opens the door» to
embryo editing.
The committee's report finds that human
embryo editing may be acceptable to prevent a baby from inheriting a serious genetic disease — but only if specific safety and ethical criteria are met.
The report's authors are «in a not very different position than we were in,» except that the report explicitly spells out criteria for allowing
an embryo editing trial.