Raised
CO2 in aquatic systems can also lead to physiological stress, difficulty in building calcareous shells etc. (as will happen if atmospheric CO2 continues to build up beyond around 700ppm - the so called ocean acidification effect).
He describes his talented group of scientists as being wonderfully bipolar, one team working to improve approaches used by the Agency to complete human exposure assessments, and the other team working to develop and apply approaches used to identify the causes of biological
impairments in aquatic systems.
Although Elton and Leopold identified trophic cascades in primarily terrestrial systems, such as the Kaibab Plateau and northern Mexico, today the majority have been
observed in aquatic systems.
Yet in addition to extinctions there are many dramatic, well - documented effects of introduced species, such as shifts in regional climate, reduced groundwater levels, altered nutrient cycling, and reduced oxygen
levels in aquatic systems, which affect the abundance and distribution of native species.
The researchers then combined these average durations with information about nutrient
cycling in aquatic systems and a database of nutrient loads for more than 6000 rivers to develop geographically based estimates of nutrient delivery.