Changing temperatures and ocean acidification, together with rising sea level and
shifts in ocean productivity, will keep marine ecosystems in a state of continuous change for 100,000 years.
These changes will be regionally specific, as predicted species distributional shifts and
changes in ocean productivity due to climate change are expected to result in increases in maximum catch potential in high latitudinal regions but decreases in the tropics.
That coincided with
declines in ocean productivity such as reduced growth of plankton, declines of some fish and birds and expanded ranges of some species such as jumbo squid, perhaps as they searched for scarce food or followed favorable temperatures.
This
mega-shift in ocean productivity from south to north over the next three to four decades will leave those most reliant on fish for both food and income high and dry.
Diatoms are also associated with explosive
increases in ocean productivity, so it should be no surprise that the earliest appearance and evolution of whales also coincides with increased ACC upwelling and the evolution of diatoms.