The suggested method is to use the Boltzmann constant, which is a measure of the relationship between
the kinetic energy of molecules and temperature.
«With soft - landing techniques, chemists can control — very precisely — the location, the makeup, and
the kinetic energy of the molecules that we deposit,» said Laskin, the PNNL physical chemist who led the writing of the review article.
(The temperature of air depends on the average
kinetic energy of its molecules.)
With kinetic energy expended by air molecules to push out the sides of the expanding parcel, the temperature of the air inside the parcel decreases (recall that temperature corresponds to the average
kinetic energy of molecules).
Then, the temperature is determined by
the kinetic energy of the molecules.
The kinetic energy of molecules — heat — is transferred to other molecules in the atmosphere heating the atmosphere.