Sentences with phrase «level of genes»

Different levels of gene expression give each cell its specific characteristics and function through the production of different proteins.

Some human body tissues show greater levels of gene activity shortly after death than others, a new study finds.

Indeed, even just a low level of gene flow between populations can counter opposing forces of mutation, genetic drift, and selection.

Levels of a gene found in ovarian cancers could predict how well chemotherapy will work.

Results showed increased expression levels of genes associated with drug transport in kidney tissues in the evening hours than in the morning hours.

Researchers say the newly found level of gene control is likely to apply to all tissues.

The Y chromosome is small compared with the X, but is required to keep levels of some genes high enough for mammals to survive.

Then, we standardized the expression level of each gene by fixing the values from C7 > GFP larvae to 1.

The researchers named the method after a fish famous for swimming upstream because it employs an algorithm that can estimate the effect of biases and the expression level of genes as experimental data streams by.

The cells, which also expressed lower levels of genes involved in normal cellular metabolism, were evenly distributed throughout the liver's lobules.

In contrast, lymphocytes in both types of endothelial cell grafts expressed higher levels of genes known to be involved in dampening the immune response and inducing self - tolerance.

To their surprise, however, the team discovered that in ex-smokers most of the dampened genes returned to normal levels of gene expression within 2 years.

Although the developmental stages they analyzed in the human embryos — gestation weeks 8 to 9 and 17 to 18 — occur before the folds begin to appear, Borrell says, the varying levels of gene expression provide an «instruction for something to occur.»

Random fluctuations in transcription are unavoidable and a general aspect of life at the single - cell level and lead to «noise» around the average level of gene expression.

The researchers developed a model of Alzheimer's disease and were surprised to find that increased levels of a gene involved in the production of toxic proteins in the brain not only led to Alzheimer's - like symptoms, but also to the development of diabetic complications.

Releasing > 50 % of the local population, even over successive generations, can therefore replace the local population without the risk of spreading into other populations connected by low levels of gene flow.

In addition, the researchers have quantified the preservation level of this gene expression between humans and mice.

Specifically, cells with trisomy 21 produce high levels of interferon - stimulated genes and lower levels of genes required for protein synthesis.

In Vivian Li's comprehensive tests on both simulated and actual data — some of which provide empirical evidence for actual levels of gene expression — scImpute is more accurate than other methods.

«Rice has a similar gene and we have created transgenic plants with reduced level of this gene to see if it also affects the same traits in rice,» he adds.

Fanta and his team used a commercially available test to analyze levels of the genes ERCC1 and TS in 41 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Prior to the study, the broad effects of the thyroid - specific transcription factor, called FOXE1, on transcription levels of genes were not well characterized.

This was accompanied by a loss of retinol, an animal form of Vitamin A, and changes to levels of genes responsible for breaking down fats.

Scientists at the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) in Barcelona, Spain, have developed a new technique to crack the underlying DNA code for the «control dials» that determine levels of gene activity in bacteria.

He was also the first to describe the role of tiny molecules in the heart — called microRNAs — which carefully titrate levels of gene activity to control the fate of cells.

In one, he found elevated expression levels of the gene MSH2, whose product is a known DNA repair enzyme.

«The expression levels of these genes seem to have remained constant for about 70 million years,» the authors wrote, «suggesting that their regulation is under evolutionary constraint.»

This gradient of surface antigen expression was paralleled by a gradient in expression of pluripotency genes, with highest levels of genes like Oct - 4 found in the population of cells with the highest level of antigen expression.

We considered a minimum ten fold difference in the expression levels of genes as a relevant criterion for classifying them as high and low expression genes.

Then, we standardized the expression level of each gene by fixing the values in the fat body to 1.

Much higher levels of gene activity were triggered in these experiments than scientists have achieved before, says Michael Hemann, a cancer biologist at MIT.

Lymphocytes in the grafts of undifferentiated iPS cells were also expressing relatively high levels of genes known to be involved in hostile immune responses.

In previously published work, Baranzini and his research team found that patients at an early stage of MS, known as clinically isolated syndrome, who expressed low amounts of Tob1 were more likely to exhibit further signs of disease activity — a condition known as relapsing - remitting multiple sclerosis — earlier than those who expressed normal levels of the gene.

Based on that discovery, the team hypothesized that varying levels of the gene's expression in mice and humans might account for the varying levels of cortical thickness and different shapes between the two species.

Monkeys shifted to the bottom rungs of the social order were more likely to express high levels of genes associated with inflammation.

They discovered that increasing the random activity, or noise, associated with HIV gene expression — without increasing the average level of gene expression — can reactivate latent HIV.

«Immune and stress genes also responded at a higher level in the second generation, indicating that increased levels of these genes are required to allow these fish to better cope in warmer water,» Dr Veilleux says.

When assessing genetic connectivity in Mesoamerican jaguars, the scientists found low levels of gene flow between jaguars in the Selva Maya — the largest contiguous tropical forest north of the Amazon, spreading over northern Guatemala, central Belize, and southern Mexico — and those in Honduras.

Prior to 1960, the team found low levels of the genes in both the manured soil and that treated with inorganic fertiliser.

Publishing their findings in the open - access journal Nature Communications, the researchers discovered DNA sequences for «control dials» that consistently produce very high levels of gene activity.

In principle, Gage says, this process could generate distinct neural circuitry in each individual by altering the proportion of neuron types or levels of gene expression in the brain.

Even Richard Dawkins posits a basic level of meaningful unity within matter at the level of the gene.

But edit the RNA and the genetic machinery stays the same while the proteins can be manipulated, so the levels of gene expression are dialed up or down.

The tool then uses information from similar cells to make an educated guess about what the level of gene expression should be.