Sentences with word «mesodermal»

We identify a population of mesodermal cells in a developing invertebrate, the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii, that converges and extends toward the midline and expresses a notochord - specific combination of genes.

These comparative data suggest that a similar population of mesodermal midline cells already existed in urbilaterian ancestors but leave open its ancient developmental fate.

We differentiated our iPS cells as embryoid bodies (EB)(Figure 4A) in the presence of FBS to induce endodermal and mesodermal fates, and in the presence of retinoic acid to induce an ectodermal fate, and after ten days allowed them to adhere to tissue culture dishes.

The same fraction causes dedifferentiation of tissues of mesodermal origin, such as muscle and cartilage.

Depletion of Mageb16 induces differentiation of pluripotent stem cells predominantly into mesodermal derivatives.

We next compared the developmental fate of annelid and vertebrate mesodermal midline cells.

However, unlike in chicken (10), the annelid mesodermal and ectodermal midline populations are not directly related by lineage (fig.

By carefully guiding the cells» choices at each fork in the road, Loh and Chen were able to generate bone cell precursors that formed human bone when transplanted into laboratory mice and beating heart muscle cells, as well as 10 other mesodermal - derived cell lineages.

Indeed, we have obtained a homogenous mesodermal cell populations derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hES and iPS cells), which could represent discreet differentiation steps.

To transiently silence in parallel several genes, we take advantage of «home designed» or commercially defined sets of siRNA that we transfect in one mesodermal progeny derived from DM1 - PGD - hES cells in 96 - or 384 - well plates by the use of the Bravo automate from Velocity 11.

Researchers find that Insulin - like growth factor / Insulin - mediated induction of mesodermal differentiation aids the production of cardiac progenitor cells from embryonic stem cells towards a strategy to boost cardiac cell production.

However, they lack The absence of ectodermal and mesodermal sheets of tissue at later stages, suggesting that these animals are very primitive, and that they are preserved remains of the embryos of a stem group of metazoans.

Unfortunately, no data are available for the specification and developmental fate of ventral mesodermal midline cells in hemichordates or larval echinoderms; except for Protoglossus, no ventromedian musculature has yet been observed (table S3).

K. J. Peterson, R. A. Cameron, K. Tagawa, N. Satoh, E. H. Davidson, A comparative molecular approach to mesodermal patterning in basal deuterostomes: The expression pattern of Brachyury in the enteropneust hemichordate Ptychodera flava.

Interestingly, we observed no enrichment of epiblast, neural, or mesodermal markers in the V+S + fraction (Figure 3B, bottom panel) indicating that this fraction likely contained only progenitor cells specific to PrEn differentiation.

Ancestral state reconstruction suggests that contractile mesodermal midline cells existed in bilaterian ancestors.

S1), and additional adaxial mesodermal cells were observed to intercalate between the elongating pairs (Fig. 2E), reminiscent of the processes by which the chordamesoderm converges and extends (table S1)(7).

Our results support a modified version of the migration model in which Toddler signaling acts downstream of Nodal signaling to regulate mesodermal cell migration while indirectly regulating endodermal cell migration via Cxcr4a signaling.

These observations indicate that the reduced mesodermal cell migration in toddler mutants limits endodermal dispersion and that Toddler signaling is not required for endodermal cell migration per se.

The presence or absence of endoderm does not affect lateral mesodermal cell migration in wild - type and toddler mutants.

The unique location, large size, and specific arrangement of the Platynereis mesodermal midline cells allowed their unambiguous identification after whole - mount in situ hybridization (WMISH) and thus expression profiling by confocal imaging.

Thus, lefty mutants have increased Nodal signaling resulting in increased endodermal and mesodermal gene expression and cell number during gastrulation (Meno et al., 1999; Rogers et al., unpublished).

These results indicate that apelin receptor a and b are expressed in mesodermal progenitors.

It is unlikely that the molecular similarity between annelid and vertebrate mesodermal midline is due to independent co-option of a conserved gene cassette, because this would require either that this cassette was active elsewhere in the body (which is not the case) or that multiple identical independent events of co-option occurred (which is unparsimonious).

S9) revealed that, after elongation, the Platynereis mesodermal midline cells differentiate into the previously described «medial ventral longitudinal muscle» (13)(Fig. 3A).

We found that mesodermal cells moved more slowly in toddler mutants than in wild - type embryos (Figure 5D).

Inhibiting the activity of a signaling molecule called TGF beta drives the cells to a mesodermal fate.

Consistently, we observed nuclear localization of β - catenin in the more - lateral mesoderm only, and β - catenin overactivation converted the mesodermal midline toward a more lateral fate and position (fig.

We induced differentiation of hPSCs into the mesodermal lineage by culturing on collagen - coated plates with a glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitor.

Neither neuroectoderm nor mesodermal genes were upregulated in V+S + fraction.

As in vertebrates, the mesodermal midline resembles the neuroectodermal midline, which expresses foxD, foxA, netrin, slit, and noggin (figs.

Lineage tracking by targeted photoconversion of the fluorescent protein kikGR confirmed the origin of these cells from the mesodermal bands (fig.

Bold dashed lines represent lines of convergence of neuroectodermal and mesodermal cells, opposite to BMP signaling (blue arrows).

Read from bottom to top, it depicts critical events in the evolution of the mesodermal midline beginning many millions of years ago.

Our study of annelid development reveals a population of mesodermal cells that converge and extend along the ventral midline and express a combination of transcription factors, signaling molecules, and guidance factors that closely matches that of the vertebrate chordamesoderm.

Last, the Platynereis mesodermal midline is devoid of paraxis, which is exclusively expressed in laterally adjacent mesoderm (fig.

By looking for cell populations that would resemble the vertebrate chordamesoderm (a population of mesodermal midline cells that converge medially to give rise to the notochord; red in Fig. 1A), we identified segmental pairs of mesodermal cells on the non — bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) body side (5) that stood out by early and continuous expression of colA1, encoding collagen type A (Fig. 2, A to D).

Endodermal and mesodermal genes are most often co-expressed alongside of pluripotency genes; the neural genes Pax - 6 and LHX - 2 are activated in cells that have exited or are near to exiting the pluripotent compartment.

Their gene expression analysis throughout the protocol matched that of a previously published profile for hESCs [24], which included the significant upregulation of mesodermal and chondrogenic markers (PDGFRB, SOX6, SOX9, ACAN, COL2A1 types A and B), with the more mature COL2A1 type B splice variant [42] being more highly expressed by the end of stage 3.

In general, cells expressed either mesodermal or endodermal markers, but occasionally cells were found to express endo - and meso - dermal genes.

To determine what aspects of mesodermal cell migration are affected in toddler mutants, we tracked migrating drl: eGFP - positive ventrolateral mesodermal cells (Mosimann et al., 2015) in wild - type and toddler mutant embryos during gastrulation using light sheet microscopy (Figure 5C and Video 1).