When scientists in the 1960s - 70s compiled data to build their global average temperature series they used state averages
of monthly mean temperatures from weather stations around the world.
The warm anomalies in June lasted throughout the entire month (increases
in monthly mean temperature of up to 6 to 7 °C), but July was only slightly warmer than on average (+1 to +3 °C), and the highest anomalies were reached between 1st and 13th August (+7 °C)(Fink et al., 2004).
Longyearbyen on the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen, one of the northernmost towns in the world, repeatedly
experienced monthly mean temperatures more than 6 °C above the 1981 — 2010 average.
Significant large - scale correlations between
observed monthly mean temperature and precipitation (Madden and Williams, 1978) for North America and Europe have stood up to the test of time and been expanded globally (Trenberth and Shea, 2005).
The monthly mean temperature of the coldest month is below the freezing point.
At least four months have
a monthly mean temperature exceeding 50F (10oC).
The map is set to chart a course around the world based on
a monthly mean temperature of 72ºF (22ºC), which according to Canadian Geographic, is the temperature some medical experts believe to be ideal for the human body.
For each dataset, we averaged the same variables —
monthly mean temperature and monthly total precipitation — across the same time period, 1980 — 1998 [64].
The first is Bias - Correction Spatial Disaggregation (BCSD)(Wood et al., 2004) following Maurer et al., (2008) with the following modifications: the incorporation of monthly minimum and maximum temperature instead of
monthly mean temperature, as suggested by Bürger et al., (2012) and bias correction using detrended quantile mapping with delta method extrapolation following Bürger et al., (2013).
The correct measurement error based on 60 independent readings entered into
the monthly mean temperature will be √ -LSB-(0.2) ^ 2 * 60/59] = 0.2 ºC, 6.7 times larger than they allow.
Observed change of
monthly mean temperature for Tromsø since year 1868, relative to the 1901 - 2000 mean.
Observed change of
monthly mean temperature for Svalbard since year 1912, relative to the 1901 - 2000 mean.
Effective May 2, 2011, the Global Historical Climatology Network - Monthly (GHCN - M) version 3 dataset of
monthly mean temperature has replaced GHCN - M version 2 as the dataset for operational climate monitoring activities.