Sentences with phrase «of soot»

While focusing on reducing all greenhouse gas emissions, including methane, the comprehensive climate policy scenario also reduced the amount of soot in the atmosphere.

A series of unique experiments organized by FMI were conducted to further study the effects of soot particles on snow reflectivity and snow melt.

We are concerned also that intensive harvesting for fuel will lead to more aggressive clear - cutting and to increases in emissions of soot particles that contribute to lung disease.»

The EPA has long relied on disease surveys that include confidentiality for subjects, including studies on the health impact of soot from burning fossil fuels.

Now, a new method developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory tagged sources of soot from different global regions in a climate model, and tracked where it lands on China's Tibetan Plateau.

Reducing emissions of soot from vehicles and methane from pipelines may not help reduce rates of global warming as much as earlier studies have suggested, new research suggests.

Referring to a 2004 paper examining the impact of soot on albedo, Goddard fabricates a conclusion by Hansen: «In 2004, Dr Hansen... explained that most of Arctic warming and melting is due to dirty snow from soot, not CO2.»

Scientists are also trying to figure out the role that aerosol particles — including a component of soot known as black carbon — play in influencing the behavior of Himalayan glaciers.

the areas covered in the study included 116 American cities, with the highest levels of soot particles found in areas including the eastern suburbs of Los Angeles and the Central Valley of California; Birmingham, Ala.; Atlanta; the Ohio River Valley; and Pittsburgh.

My impression is that the warming effect of soot aerosols is underestimated and the negative effect of combined aerosols is overestimated.

It also making lots of soot so that each run it goes poorer.

The puniest bits of soot in diesel exhaust, known as ultrafines, measure on the nanoscale.

Another possible explanation is that the large quantity of soot emitted into the atmosphere by cars and factory smokestacks in Asia has had a cooling effect on the atmosphere.

The computer - modeling study showed a nuclear war between the two countries involving 50 Hiroshima - sized nuclear devices on each side would cause massive urban fires and loft as much as 5 million metric tons of soot about 50 miles into the stratosphere, said CU - Boulder Research Associate Michael Mills, chief study author.

The same paper shows the forcing of soot as 2XC02 at 4.05 W / m2 Figure 1 shows Arctic warming of as much as 2 - 3C due to soot.

Throttle body air valve getting stuck closed because of soot in the intake causing to harden when engine is powered off and not releasing when trying to start it.

Researchers found that the same heated chemical processes that give rise to the formation of pyrene are also relevant to combustion processes in vehicle engines, for example, and the formation of soot particles.

«If we really want to address the issue of soot on the Tibetan Plateau,» said Dr. Yun Qian, a study co-author and atmospheric scientist at PNNL, «we need to know where we should start.»

Today is the blackest black of the soot made by the brightest flame.

This is particularly hazardous for places such as the Arctic, where the presence of soot can drastically increase the amount of light absorbed by snow and ice surfaces.

As Chinaand India's economies become global challengers, the previously unspoiled plateau has been introduced to the dubious delights of development in the form of soot from industrial plants and burning fields.

A high - end estimate of soot totals some 70 billion metric tons (about 77 billion U.S. short tons).

Over the same period, the amount of soot produced by diesel engines and other sources has continued to rise, increasing black carbon's contribution to warming.

Karissa Taylor -LRB-» 17) poses in front of her soot drawings during the installation for a class exhibition at Project Space 2920.

The accumulation of soot on the summer snows of mountaintops and glaciers all over the globe.

Heintzenberg and Wendisch (1996) showed that the decrease in radiative forcing due to a decrease in soot concentrations with increasing distances from the pollution sources could be compensated by a concurrent increase in the fraction of soot which is incorporated in the cloud droplets.

Another unsettling development is the effect of atmospheric brown clouds (ABCs) consisting of soot particles from burning coal, diesel fuel, or wood.

Schuster, G. L., Dubovik, O., and Arola, A.: Remote sensing of soot carbon — Part 1: Distinguishing different absorbing aerosol species, Atmos.

Layers of ice in the upper reaches of glaciers provide a year - by - year chronicle of soot emitted by local industry and by the coal and wood burned to heat homes in the valleys nearby.

A thick cloud of soot covers most of India, produced in part by millions of small cooking stoves, which typically burn wood.

The white, yellow, and orange colors reflect the increasing temperatures of soot within the flame, while blue is the glow of excited carbon and hydrogen bonds as the paper burns.

«The commonly used F7 class filter removed more than 75 % of soot nanoparticles emitted by traffic, which was an acceptable result.

For unknown reasons, the highest levels of soot occurred between 1906 and 1910, he notes.

«Those ships are great emitters of soot,» Zender points out, adding that, «putting a locally heavy source in the Arctic in the early spring,» is virtually guaranteed «to polish off the summer sea ice.»

The researchers incorporated information on soot produced by burning fossil fuels, wood and other biofuels, along with that naturally produced by forest fires and then checked their model predictions against global measurements of soot levels in polar snow from Sweden to Alaska to Russia and in Antarctica as well as in nonpolar areas such as the Tibetan Plateau.

Kounellis's own topical references in the late 60s and 70s were, in contrast, often so subtle as to be almost unrecognisable: a patch of soot on a wall might refer to the extinguished flames of radicalism, or, more simply, to the elemental forces of fire and earth.

The Great Plains readings were more variable and sometimes two to three or more times higher than in other parts of the country, typically 15 to 70 nanograms of soot per gram of snow.

Results from China showed rates of pollution tens to hundreds of times greater than in North America, with the highest rate in northeast China of 1,220 nanograms of soot per gram of snow, likely because of industrial activity and other emissions in the Beijing area.

But in July 2012, a combination of soot from fires in Siberia coupled with warm temperatures caused a record - setting 95 percent of the ice sheet to melt over the course of a week.

By using the flame of a candle or a torch as a pencil to create his paintings with trails of soot, Steven «Spazuk» (covered here) has been creating intricate artworks for over 10 years.