Sentences with phrase «reaction rates»

I'd like to see if there are any differences in allergy rates or allergic reaction rates in groups that separate and groups that don't.

If 100,000 doses of product A have been administered, it has an adverse reaction rate of 0.1 %.

To better understand what was going on, he spent over a year building a reactor, fine - tuning experimental procedures, then collecting and analyzing reaction rate data.

But the truth is veterinarians aren't well informed about vaccine adverse reaction rates.

Through a set of experiments, they were able to analyze and quantify how the polymer affects the chemical reaction rate in the sulfur cathode, which is key to achieving high current density and high power with these cells.

These materials showed higher reaction rates for the Knoevenagel reaction between benzaldehydes and malononitriles and better catalyst recyclability.

«Pulsating dissolution found in crystals: Pulsing rings are found in surface reaction rate maps of dissolving crystals.»

In experiments at MARUM, Cornelius Fischer modified an imaging technique called «vertical scanning interferometry» that Lüttge pioneered at Rice University (Houston, USA) in the early 2000s to make «surface reaction rate maps.»

The high reaction rate, chemoselectivity and versatility of this new native amide - forming ligation reaction using oxazetidine amino acids is envisaged to become a powerful method for the rapid chemical synthesis of useful proteins.

The most uncertain of these measured reaction rates, Kurt Snover of the University of Washington and colleagues note, is that describing fusion between beryllium - 7 and hydrogen.

The images chronicle the evolution of the particles» chemical composition and reaction rates at a nanoscale spatial resolution and a minute - by - minute time resolution.

In his Perspective, Crutzen discusses results reported in the same issue by Summers et al. in which they find that chemical balance can be achieved if changes are made to some important reaction rates.

The study found that the Butler - Volmer (BV) equation, usually used to describe reaction rates in electrodes, is inaccurate, especially at higher voltage levels.

In particular, he notes that because the temperatures within the bubbles approximate those on the surface of the sun and the pressures are as high as those near the bottom of the ocean, the bubbles could be used as controlled high - temperature reaction chambers to study reaction rates under extreme conditions.

The Geochemistry and Interfacial Sciences Group conducts fundamental and applied research on fluid - solid interactions that control (a) contaminant fate and transport and energy extraction in subsurface geologic environments; (b) electrical energy storage in porous electrode materials; and (c) heterogeneous reaction rates, mechanisms and equilibria in general.

Everything goes to the catalytic converter that is very hot, and thus, there is a huge reaction rate in the already hot catalytic converter producing even more heat.

Some scientists have focused on «in situ» mineral carbonation, leaving rocks in the ground and using methods such as injection of CO2 to increase reaction rates.

Reaction rates for vaccines containing Leptospira, while higher than those for vaccines that do not contain Leptospira, are still low in incidence (in one study, < 0.6 %).

Another immediate consequence of roaming is that it represents a deviation from the current chemical transformation paradigm, called transition state theory, and needs to be taken into consideration in practical applications requiring chemical reaction rates, Tarnovsky said.

Finally, we used operando grazing incidence x-ray absorption and diffraction characterization at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource to compare theoretical and measured reaction rates.

Unfortunately, as Dr. Dodds points out, veterinarians aren't told much about vaccine adverse reaction rates.

The sensing capability of a biosensor is determined by the resolution of the sensor and the movement and reaction rate of molecules.

A catalyst increases a reaction rate without itself being consumed.

Once you add more hydrogen peroxide to the solution, the reaction rate will increase as more substrate molecules can collide with the enzyme, forming more product.

«Usually as you cool things, the reaction rates go down,» concluded Leslie Orgel, who studied the origins of life at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California, from the 1960s until his death last October.

Using a rare isotope beam created at NSCL, the team determined the last unknown nuclear - reaction rate affecting the production of aluminum - 26 in classical novae.

But these fuel cells require an electrocatalyst — a platinum surface — to increase the reaction rate, and the cost of the precious metal makes it hard for hydrogen fuel cells to compete economically with the internal combustion engine.

For instance, temperature and humidity can change the reaction rates which determine the formation or lifetime of a pollutant, and rainfall can determine the time that pollutants can accumulate.

The discrepancies have been significant, Bazant says: «We find the reaction rate is much lower than what is predicted.»

For example, the classical equations used to predict the performance of such materials have indicated that the logarithm of the reaction rate should vary linearly as voltage is increased — but experiments have shown a nonlinear response, with the uptake of lithium flattening out at high voltage.

He says determining these reaction rates «is both quite fundamental and of immediate practical interest in high - power applications like traction batteries for cars, trucks, and buses.»

Chemical reaction rates are controlled by varying the composition of miniscule clusters of metal atoms.

Their research further reveals that another organic abiotic compound is formed during the vent circulation process at adjacent lower temperature, higher pH vents, but reaction rates are too slow to completely reduce the carbon all the way to methane.

Some of the results come as a surprise: contrary to expectations, the reaction rate is not so much limited by the concentration of the molecules in solution, but decisively by the permeability of the nanoreactor's shell.

The study also assessed the contribution of climate change, which can exacerbate the effects of air pollution in various ways, such as changing humidity, which affects the reaction rates that determine whether pollutants form and how long they last.

«The reaction rate depends on the thickness of these thin films,» said Dr. John Loring, a geochemist at PNNL who worked on the project.

Catalysts, substances that modify chemical reaction rates and that remain unchanged afterward, also are crucial in a wide range of industrial and biological processes.

In these and a number of smaller applied projects, we integrate atomistic - molecular modeling with a wide array of experimental and analytical approaches to quantify the properties of interfacial and pore - confined fluids, reaction rates and mechanisms at fluid - solid interfaces, and transport of solvents and solutes through porous media at the nano - to macroscopic length scales.