Unfortunately, there is limited evidence as to whether and to what extent differential air -
sea surface warming occurs in the real climate system.
With accelerated decades the vertical, and poleward, transport of heat by the gyres seems to shutdown, enabling
strong sea surface warming in the tropics — where most solar radiation enters the ocean.
According to fluid modelling, at one point the accumulation of OCAPE was released abruptly (~ 1 month) into kinetic energy of thermobaric cabbeling convection (TCC), resulting in the warmer salty waters getting to the surface and subsequently warming of ca. 2
°C sea surface warming.
For instance since 1970s these as CO2 sinks acting sea surface areas have continuously warmed because then El Niño events of ENSO oscillation have dominated and caused the
continuous sea surface warming, with a certain kind of lag, on these CO2 sinks areas.
Another paper, [7] which they also cite, instead derives an equilibrium air —
sea surface warming differential from a theoretical model based on an assumed relative humidity height profile, with thermal inertia playing no role.
For example, an
anomalous sea surface warming over the tropical North Atlantic is favorable for more frequent cyclone passages over most of the basin.
In terms of power integrated over area, only northern Eurasia has a higher regional warming in absolute terms — which suggests to me that
sea surface warming in the Arctic west of the Canadian archipelago might change the total sea energy balance by quite a bit.
Once again, surface warming variability diminishes even further in the late 20th century simulations, and once again these late 20th century simulations are much closer to the observed trends
of sea surface warming, than the control and early 20th century simulations.
Independent measurements of sea surface temperatures in the last two decades support a recent government analysis that found an increase in
sea surface warming, according to a new study in the 4 January issue of the journal Science Advances.
The results, presented here at the AAAS annual meeting on 14 February, showed that when
the sea surface warmed off the coast of Peru in 1997 - 98, during El Niño, there was a marked increase in rates of cholera infection in Lima and nearby cities.
Species with larvae that are likely to be particularly exposed to
sea surface warming (i.e., obligatory broadcast spawners and / or brooders) were regarded as having lower tolerance to warming, and we used evidence of past mass high temperature mortality as a proxy for measuring adult colonies» tolerances.
Thus one might expect larger hurricanes to extend the interval between hurricanes over the patches of ocean that spawn them, because they don't spawn until
the sea surface warms sufficiently again.
Does
the sea surface warm or cool in the hurricane's path?
Sea surface warming is linked to cloud loss.
A land —
sea surface warming ratio (or φ) that exceeds unity is a robust feature of both observed and modelled climate change.
For seabirds, it is shown that there has not been an adjustment in timing as the climate changes and
the sea surface warms.