Sentences with phrase «thickness of the ice»

Still more striking, and significant, has been a severe decline in the average thickness of the ice pack, and thus of its volume (graph).

On time scales of years to centuries, the largest changes in tides around the ice sheets are likely to be caused by changes in the extent and thickness of ice shelves.

• From 1976 to 1999 the average thickness of ice in the Arctic Ocean had dropped 43 percent.

Radar images show that water under the base of the ice sheet refreezes into ice, creating a new bottom layer that accounts for up to half the total thickness of the ice sheet in some locations.

«The ice shelf generally breaks at points that are between a half and full thickness of the ice sheet from the edge,» summarises Christmann.

At the Dome A site in East Antarctica — roughly the size of the state of California — the base layer of refrozen ice accounted for up to half the total thickness of the ice sheet, and 24 percent of the area covered by ice.

Starting with the April Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS) volume distribution and the April National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) average ice extent the estimated extent loss for each 10 cm thickness of ice loss is calculated.

Due to the significant thickness of these ice sheets, global warming analysis typically focuses on the loss of ice mass from the ice sheets increasing sea level rise, and not on a reduction in the surface area of the ice sheets.

But the scientists cautioned that more observations are needed to learn about the layers, purity, and thickness of these ice deposits — which could show things such as the composition of the ancient atmosphere.

In his paper, Koerner notes, «The mean end - of - winter thickness of the ice is calculated to be 4.6 m in the Pacific Gyral and 3.9 m in the Transpolar Drift Stream.»

Asia's mountain ranges contain the greatest thickness of ice beyond the polar regions.

On the other hand, the Arctic continental ice sheets (mainly Greenland) are expected to melt, and the area and thickness of the ice in the Arctic Sea will shrink, driving a strong albedo feedback.

Many older models of Greenland assumed that its massive ice sheet sat on bedrock that was relatively flat, even though scientists did not know the full thickness of the ice.

Thickness of the ice sheets at various locations 21,000 years ago compared with modern skylines -LSB-[the skylines of four major metropolises are superimposed against an ice sheet of the proper thickness for the aforementioned time period]-RSB- Toronto: 2100m Chicago: 900m Boston: 1250m Montreal: 3300m -LCB--LCB- Title text: Data adapted from «The Laurentide and Innuitian ice sheets during the Last Glacial Maximum» by A.S. Dyke et.

The chain is famous for its Blizzards, a soft - serve treat with mix - ins like Oreos and Reese's Peanut Butter Cups that is served upside down to highlight the thickness of the ice cream.

It should be a slight opaque white color and the thickness of a icing glaze (thin enough to drizzle, but not too thin that it runs).

Despite checking the thickness of the ice on a daily basis, Bower says the problem has to do with the way the snow and ice melts and then freezes leaving what looks like a solid piece of ice yet in some parts, it's not entirely frozen.

Developing an understanding of how ice sheets are changing over time requires precise measurements of the thickness of the ice sheets and accurate mapping of the bedrock below.

The thickness of the ice, and its overall volume, may be a more important measure of what is happening in the Arctic over the long term, even though it is not as simple to measure, said Overland.

The data reveal not only the thickness of the ice, but also whether there are signs of melting such as subglacial lakes or ice accumulations where the flowing ice gets caught on a rough spot in the underlying rock.

But, as the thickness of the ice over the volcano (between 100 and 400 meters) and the volume of lava are both unknown, it's also unclear whether an eruption will break through the ice, or whether it will remain subglacial.

«We needed measurements from an airplane to measure the thickness of the ice.

Initial interpretations of data from Cassini flybys of Enceladus estimated that the thickness of its ice shell ranged from 30 to 40 km at the south pole to 60 km at the equator.

The scientists made this projection after evaluating current satellite data about the thickness of the ice cover.

Combining this information with the readings from the sonar indicates the thickness of the ice.

A magnetometer and a magnetic sounder, along with ice - penetrating radar, will measure the thickness of the ice and the subsurface ocean.

Barents» group measured the cold by the thickness of the ice inside the house walls — it reached a maximum of 5 centimetres.

Both the thickness of the ice sheet as well as the temperature at its base are depicted very accurately.»

Hu's experiments, for example, show everything from the thickness of ice as it flows over a wing, the heat transfer of individual water droplets as they freeze, the irregular speed of freezing droplets on a wing or blade and the finger - like patterns of ice formation.

Both the area of water covered by sea ice and the thickness of the ice have been decreasing in recent years, and thinner ice is blown farther and faster by the wind.

On Titan, the largest features may be made by changes in the thickness of its ice shell due to tidal forces from Saturn.

By measuring the thickness of the ice laid down each year, the researchers estimated annual snow accumulation for the past 300 years.

From an altitude of just over 700 km, CryoSat will precisely monitor changes in the thickness of sea ice and variations in the thickness of the ice sheets on land.

Titan's eccentric orbit around Saturn generates tides that flex the moon's surface and create tidal heating, which could cause variations to develop in the thickness of the ice shell, Hemingway said.

This depends on the thickness of the ice and the temperature of the ice.

Once in the ice shelf cavity we had neither detailed information on the thickness of the ice, nor the depth of the water.»

To help prevent hypothermia, he recommends testing the thickness of the ice before letting your pet walk on the surface.

This depends upon both the thickness of the ice, as well as the depression below sea level.

And you are correct that it depends on the thickness of the ice and the depression below sea level.

The new analysis hinged on refined simulations and better incorporation of data on the thickness of ice.

Volume, in contrast, is crucial in determining the vulnerability of Arctic sea ice to rapid future reductions (since thin ice is much more prone to react strongly to a single warm summer, making single very - low sea - ice summers more likely), and the thickness of the ice determines the exchange of heat between ocean and atmosphere.

Most of the deformation in an ice stream is in the bottom portion and thus most of the thickness of the ice stream is just carried along.

Of course, nowhere in that article was the thickness of the ice mentioned, and as we all know (except maybe you, if I can give you the benefit of the doubt — NOT), the ice is now quite thin.

There are two ways to categorize the amount of ice: by measuring the extent (essentially the area of the ocean covered by ice, though in detail it's a little more complicated) or using volume, which includes the thickness of the ice.