The first step was to insert an artificial chromosome containing the cumbersome human antibody gene into the nucleus of a cow cell. (discovermagazine.com)
Instead VIP provides the protective antibody gene, giving the host the tools to target the malaria parasite. (sciencedaily.com)
When creating the antimalaria antibody gene drive, the researchers had to inject Cas9, guide RNAs and bits of DNA containing the gene drive into the egg. (sciencenews.org)