The RWP transmits electromagnetic energy into the atmosphere in as many as five directions (four tilted in opposing vertical planes and on vertical) and measures the strength and frequency of backscattered energy. (arm.gov)
The ceilometer (CEIL) is a remote - sensing instrument that measures cloud height, vertical visibility, and potential backscatter signals by aerosols. (arm.gov)
They then characterized the general morphology of these structures using low kV scanning electron microscopy and backscattered electron imaging. (pnnl.gov)