As spatial and temporal scales decrease, attribution of climate change becomes more difficult. (scientificamerican.com)
These estimates are generally model - based because of difficulties in obtaining reliable internal variability estimates from the observational record on the spatial and temporal scales considered in detection studies. (ipcc.ch)
One puzzle for scientists to figure out is why the chemistry of hydrothermal vents changes, not only among locations, but over temporal scales as well. (courseworld.com)