Sentences with phrase «aerosol effects»

What's next: The team is working to gather additional field data and perform further simulations to accurately address aerosol effects on clouds.

A satellite that was launched in 2011 was to be the first to make accurate measurements of this global aerosol effect, but it crashed into the ocean shortly after lift off.

In our study, the biggest aerosol effect on climate came from the effect of aerosol - cloud indirect effect.

I also agree that solar cycle's and volcanic aerosol effects account for much of the shorter term variation.

You have assumed that aerosol effects over the period are zero.

# 18 The alternative scenario article mentions a large variety of aerosol effects but they all should be able to be modeled.

Such clouds are inherently quite susceptible to aerosol effects on both warm rain and ice precipitation - forming processes.

Figure 6 - 2: Seasonal change in surface temperature from 1880 - 1889 to 2040 - 2049 in simulations with aerosol effects included.

c G: greenhouse gases; Sul: direct sulphate aerosol effect; Suli: (first) indirect sulphate effect; OzT: tropospheric ozone; OzS: stratospheric ozone; Vol: volcanism; Sol: solar; BC+OM: black carbon and organic matter.).

The forcings illustrated here are from the well mixed greenhouse gases (GHGs)(CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs), tropospheric and stratospheric O3, direct aerosol effects (from sulphates, nitrates, organic and black carbon), land use change, solar irradiance, volcanic aerosols, and various indirect effects (on clouds, stratospheric water vapour, snow albedo etc.).

At present, no transient climate simulation accounts for all aerosol - cloud interactions, so that the net aerosol effect on clouds deduced from models is not conclusive.

The estimated total aerosol effect is lower than in TAR mainly due to improvements in cloud parametrizations, but large uncertainties remain.

It is my understanding that the uncertainties regarding climate sensitivity to a nominal 2XCO2 forcing is primarily a function of the uncertainties in (1) future atmospheric aerosol concentrations; both sulfate - type (cooling) and black carbon - type (warming), (2) feedbacks associated with aerosol effects on the properties of clouds (e.g. will cloud droplets become more reflective?)

This is 1.28 degrees minus largest guesstimate with a straight face for aerosol effect.

If «The most extreme scenario postulated in TAR» is almost solely dependent on GHG emissions, why would the introduction of aerosol effects not change the results?

This unique orbit path will allow the CATS instrument to observe locations at different times of day and allow scientists to study day - to - night changes in cloud and aerosol effects from space.

This is not one of the models overestimating GHG and compensating with overestimated aerosol effects, according to Chylek et al (assuming that the GISS - E2 - H1 is the same as GISS - E2 - H above).

Of particular interest, this approach allows calculation of a meaningful radiative forcing from the indirect or semidirect aerosol effects.

Should not you have learned by now that the long term trend is dominated by a rise due to anthropogenic greenhouse gases, but can be interrupted by aerosol effects, small flickers in the sun, volcanic eruptions, some short term natural variability (including El Nino).

The team verified this with computer models of pristine, moderately polluted or heavily polluted skies, by employing a cloud - resolving model known as the System for Atmospheric Modeling coupled with an explicit bin microphysics model to simulate aerosol effects on precipitation.

There is very high confidence that the net 20th C aerosol effect was a cooling — mostly because estimates of tropospheric sulphate aerosols dominate the changes, and because BC and OC changes for many sources almost balance out.

However, the uncertainties in the different aerosol effects in particular, preclude an accurate determination from the instrumental period alone.

In this case, the vast preponderance of evidence and theory (such as long established basic physics) is on the side of AGW, so there would have to be a serious paradigm shift based on some new physics, a cooling trend (with increasing GHG levels and decreasing aerosol effect), and that they had failed to detect the extreme increase in solar irradiance to dislodge AGW theory.

If you look at the tropospheric aerosol effect, you have to add the light blue and the purple dotted curve, yielding -1.8 W / m ^ 2.

Since the ocean is actually the majority of the surface in this region, problems with the (admitedly less than perfect) land stations and contintental aerosol effects are secondary issues.

The dirty snow & aerosol effect goes as high as +3 watts / m - 2, far outweighing the effects from CO2.

In their calculations, the direct tropo - spheric aerosol effect does not play a large net role, because the moderately absorbing aerosol assumption leads to an offset between its sunlight reflecting and absorbing properties insofar as the top of the atmosphere irradiance change is concerned.

Sexton et al. (2003) did find some evidence for a nonlinear interaction between the effects of greenhouse gases and the indirect effect of sulphate aerosols in the atmosphere - only version of HadCM3 forced by observed SSTs; the additional effect of combining greenhouse gases and indirect aerosol effects together was much smaller than each term separately but was found to be comparable to the warming due to increasing tropospheric ozone.

In 2XCO2 simulations with the same aerosol deposition, ponds have a larger effect whereas aerosol effects are reduced, thereby modifying the surface albedo feedback.