Local sea surface temperatures modified lipid (fat) molecules in the membranes
of ancient microbes.
The rover will roam the surface in search of places
where ancient microbes lived, which would likely be in areas with abundant water and energy.
The first evidence that
ancient microbes colonised subsea mantle rock hints at how life might have emerged on Earth — and even other worlds
DNA
from ancient microbes could also help today's medical researchers keep one step ahead of fast - evolving diseases like cholera and influenza.
But with little oxygen in the early atmosphere,
ancient microbes evolved a very different chemical pathway to break down orthophosphate into phosphite, a reduced form of phosphorus that has just three oxygens.
Schuenemann had been studying the genetics of
ancient microbes at the University of Tübingen in Germany.
Within the Pilbara hotspring deposits, the researchers also discovered stromatolites — layered rock structures created by communities
of ancient microbes.
The European Space Agency's ExoMars rover will survey, drill, and take pictures of areas
where ancient microbes may have lived.
The goal of this $ 2.5 million machine, the most ambitious ever sent to Mars, is geological: to analyse sediments that could have preserved organic compounds or other evidence of
ancient microbes, if these were ever there.
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These ancient microbes were respiring iron just like we respire oxygen.
But the work also finds that we've lost some of
the ancient microbes that still inhabit our great ape cousins, which could explain some human diseases and even obesity and mental disorders.
The researchers were even able to extract an almost - complete genetic blueprint, or genome, for one
ancient microbe, Methanobrevibacter oralis.
The fossils discovered in these formations include stromatolites — layered rock structures created by communities of
ancient microbes — and several other signatures of microbial life, such as a microbial palisade texture preserved in stone, and bubbles that were most likely trapped in a sticky substance produced by ancient bacteria.