Sentences with word «herbivory»

But Glaum and Kessler reached a different conclusion when they included herbivore - induced pollinator limitation (HIPL) in their model, which allowed them to examine broader, more indirect effects of herbivory on plant population persistence and community dynamics.

At each site Meyerson and Cronin measured plant biomass and defenses against herbivores and quantified insect damage by galling, chewing and sucking (aphids) insects to measure the effects of herbivory on Phragmites fitness.

For example, they describe the unexpectedly high amounts of beetle herbivory in soybeans in response to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, as evidenced by FACE experiments.

In other words, the presence of a green crab was as effective a deterrent to sesarma herbivory as actual attacks by green crabs.

J. Orrock et al., «Induced defences in plants reduce herbivory by increasing cannibalism,» Nature Ecology & Evolution, doi: 10.1038 / s41559 -017-0231-6, 2017.

Now, scientists from the Max Planck Institutes of Molecular Plant Physiology in Potsdam - Golm and Chemical Ecology in Jena have shown that potato plants can be protected from herbivory using RNA interference (RNAi).

It covers all infectious agents that attack plants and abiotic disorders, but does not include herbivory by insects, mammals, etc..

I wanted to know whether fear varied on the basis of wolf density and, from that, to learn how many wolves would be enough to trigger changes in herbivory patterns — a trophic cascade.

Couture, J.J. et al. (2015) Insect herbivory alters impact of atmospheric change on northern temperate forests, Nature Plants, 10.1038 / nplants.2015.16

At slightly higher productivity levels, such as on prairies and savannas, an ecosystem becomes able to support a consumer trophic level, with herbivory increasing as productivity increases.

These factors included herbivory by livestock and unreliable deer counts.

To the extent that herbivory impacts plant communities, these results suggest that deer promote the spread of some plant invaders by avoiding them.»

Between 1939 and 1940, in his shack journals Leopold noted the effects of deer herbivory on herbaceous plants (plants whose leaves and stems die down to soil level at the end of the growing season) and trees he had planted on his land, which included oaks (Quercus spp.) and aspens (Populus tremuloides).

«This means that the invasive plants suffer less herbivory at lower latitudes than the native plants, giving the invasive Phragmites a greater opportunity to invade.

«Our native Phragmites in North America is getting hammered by both native and introduced insects, whereas the invasive Phragmites in North America suffers far less herbivory than it does in its native Europe,» she said.

Scientists of the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena and the Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Science of the Martin Luther University in Halle - Wittenberg, Germany, have now succeeded in visualizing the immediate wound or herbivory responses in plants.

During herbivory, wounding activates the systemic expression of defense genes through the octadecanoid signal pathway.

Their feeding habits range from pure herbivory to fierce carnivory, and their body structure reflects this feeding diversity.

They further suggested that the act of predation shaped herbivory.

With chronic herbivory they would eventually die.

The remaining top predators gained a more powerful keystone role, and plant distribution again adapted to new herbivory patterns.

Thus, avialan herbivory may have reduced ecological competition from carnivorous close relatives and other volant vertebrates early in their evolutionary history.

«Resistance to herbivory varies among tamarix populations.»

Potts is one of the coauthors of «Can local adaptation explain varying patterns of herbivory tolerance in a recently introduced woody plant in North America?»

The evidence bolsters an argument that Neandertals» diets spanned the spectrum of carnivory and herbivory based on the resources available to them, Laura Weyrich, a microbiologist at the University of Adelaide in Australia, and her colleagues report March 8 in Nature.

But he points out one missing piece: The work doesn't show that shifting to morning - opening flowers actually decreased herbivory.

Chemical defenses are secondary metabolites produced by the plant that deter herbivory.

Although herbivory was long thought to be a Mesozoic phenomenon, fossils have shown that within less than 20 million years after the first land plants evolved, plants were being consumed by arthropods.

«We've known for a long time that herbivores do eat other insects, but so far people studying herbivory have kind of ignored that because it's a lot easier to put herbivores in a neat bin in which they only eat plants,» says Michigan State University ecologist William Wetzel, who did not participate in the study.

I am specifically interested in behavioral adaptations of herbivorous insects that may have adaptive functions in foraging, and have begun exploring nocturnal herbivory as one potential mechanism.

Coral reef health requires an ecological balance of corals and algae in which herbivory is a key element.

Writing as background for their work, McKenzie et al. (2016) say that «belowground herbivory represents a major challenge to crop productivity and sustainable agriculture.»

Just the fear factor alone may have a big effect in reducing herbivory.

Her chocolate Labrador retriever, Maggie, ran glad circles around us as we examined the aspens around the shack for evidence of deer herbivory.

Depending on whether you choose carnivory or herbivory at the start of the game, your cell comes equipped with either a parrotlike beak or filter - feeding fronds.

«This never resulted in full protection from herbivory,» says Ralph Bock of the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, «because the plant's own RNAi system prevents the accumulation of sufficient amounts of dsRNA.

After insect herbivory, defense signals traveled rapidly from plant to plant via the dodder network, even over large distances,» Jianqiang Wu explained.

A plant defense is a trait that increases plant fitness when faced with herbivory.

Previous modeling studies have looked at the direct effects of herbivory on a three - species community: flowering plant, pollinator and herbivore.

Interactions in a warmer world: effects of experimental warming, conspecific density, and herbivory on seedling dynamics.

«Our next studies will focus on how SGD and herbivory from fishes impact coral - algal competition, coral recruitment rates, and bioerosion rates.»

Ian S. Pearse, lead author on the study in the current issue of the Royal Society journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, says that, «competition for resources has often been thought to limit invasions in diverse plant communities, but herbivory could also limit these invasions.»

In the field, herbivory of the tomato plants was found to significantly lower pollinator visits due to the release of HI - VOCs.

However, the modeling study showed that the mutually beneficial relationship between the flowering tomato plant and its bee pollinators — as well as the overall system — can persist through higher rates of herbivory than researchers had previously believed.

The researchers measured both the release of herbivore - induced volatile organic compounds (HI - VOCs) by the wild tomato plants and pollinator visits at different levels of herbivory to determine how bee pollination changes as a function of the amount of herbivory experienced by a plant.

Metcalfe et al. surveyed patterns of herbivory in forests along an elevational transect from 300 to 3000 m in the Andes, over a full seasonal cycle, to calculate rates of herbivory and its effect on pathways of nutrient cycling (particularly N, P, and C).

The regeneration cycle of plants includes processes that are beneficial to plants, such as pollination, seed dispersal and the recruitment of seedlings, as well as detrimental processes, such as seed predation and herbivory.

In contrast, the later processes of plant regeneration such as seed predation, recruitment and herbivory, were found to be less consistently affected by humans.

In their model herbivory is greatest in relatively unproductive environments, with predation more important and the impact of herbivory reduced as ecosystem productivity increases.