The phrase
"low cloud" refers to a type of cloud that appears close to the ground level. It often appears in the form of a thick, gray layer, covering the sky and reducing visibility.
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The results show that UP, while not without its own complexity trade - offs, produces encouraging improvements in the geographic and vertical structure
of low clouds in present climate.
The
increased low cloud formation from water evaporation reflects sunlight cooling the atmosphere.
At the same time the albedo of earth will be on the increase due to
more low clouds, ice and snow cover.
Additional feedback
from low cloud amount is also positive in most climate models, but that result is not well understood, nor effectively constrained by observations, so confidence in it is low.
The cosmic rays, in turn,
affect low cloud formation — more rays, more clouds, fewer rays, fewer clouds.
How low clouds respond to warming remains the greatest source of uncertainty in climate projections.
And during these active sun times, there are
less low clouds and more sun to warm the earth.
This
creates low cloud that controls the amount of cloud cover and thereby the global temperature; like a screen in a greenhouse.
So high solar activity corresponds to low cosmic ray flux and
therefore lower cloud formation and higher temperatures.
As influence from low pressure approaching far to north increases,
morning low clouds and fog will make it back into the local area, late in the week.
First, the satellite can see
actual low clouds only when higher cloud layers are not present.
The air in the marine layer becomes very moist and
very low clouds or fog occurs.
Ever been out on a cold clear night with the stars clearly visible, and
then low cloud cover comes in, and you experience a warming effect?
For consumer applications, it thinks that could be a big selling point because of the privacy advantages and
lower cloud computing costs.
The required cloud increase depends on cloud height and would be of the order of 1 % global coverage
for low clouds (i.e., 2 to 5 % over land).
The pictures and video, some captured from above
with low cloud cover invading the shots, are instantly a significant part of the story of Spieth's career and Open Championship history:
Projections differ widely among climate models, and differences in the solar reflection
by low clouds over tropical oceans account for much of the spread in climate projections across current models.
Brient, F., T. Schneider, Z. Tan, S. Bony, X. Qu, and A. Hall, 2016: Shallowness of
tropical low clouds as a predictor of climate models» response to warming.
Zhu, P., Hack, J., Keilh, J and Zhu, P, Bretherton, C. 2007, Climate sensitivity of tropical and subtropical
marine low cloud amount to ENSO and global warming due to doubled CO2 — JGR, VOL.
But it is well established that the dominant contributor to intermodel variation in climate sensitivity is differences in
low cloud feedback.
But in the southern hemisphere, the poleward contraction of the high clouds is balanced by an expansion of the already extensive
low cloud decks, which ends up blocking more sunlight and producing a small surface cooling.
[3] The four studies involved are: Brient, F., T. Schneider, Z. Tan, S. Bony, X. Qu, and A. Hall, 2015: Shallowness of tropical
low clouds as a predictor of climate models» response to warming.
Large - eddy simulation (LES) of clouds can help resolve one of the most important and challenging question in climate dynamics, namely, how
subtropical low clouds respond to global warming.
Brient & Schneider found that models were not very good at reproducing the seasonal cycle in
low cloud reflection, and the correlation with ECS for their seasonal variability measure was relatively low — much lower than Zhai et al found.