Sentences with phrase «mass balance»

Each measurement location for 10, 20, 40 and 80 measurement point networks was specifically selected as the best representative of the average mass balance of the surrounding region.

[Response: Surface mass balance on the ice sheets is a good example.

In fact, there are now well over 150 individual assessments of ice sheet mass balance based on measurements acquired by at least 15 different satellite missions.

The typical density and total number of measurements currently used in annual mass balance measurement is indicated in Table 1.

The Norwegian program is where the traditional methods of mass balance measurement were largely derived.

The glacier has since been in a negative mass balance state, which may result in a retreat if the current trends continue.

The annual glacier mass balance record below indicates that the response of annual balance is quite similar for each glacier.

In order to achieve optimal accuracy, it is apparent that multiple measurements are needed in each specific mass balance zone of the glacier.

These measurements have been made in concert with energy balance to identify the cause of the rapid retreat and mass balance loss of these tropical glaciers.

The highest density network is probably the highest measurement density ever used in mass balance observations.

I am concerned with how changes in climate affect glacial mass balance and the physical and chemical properties of snow.

We are also working on predictions of mass balance based simply on monthly climate data.

Negative numbers of cumulative mass balance indicate a loss of glacier mass.

Climate change has led to an observed increase in surface melting, surface accumulation, increased discharge and overall mass balance losses.

The decision was based on the existing detailed mass balance maps for each glacier.

Each network of points was chosen to provide the most even distribution possible of measurements across each glacier, given the known mass balance pattern.

You might spend some time explaining mass balance and how it's measured and reported in a follow - up.

It makes sense to use «carbon» when an elemental mass balance is being derived from the conversion of different carbon species.

The four main methods are the emission factor - based method, mass balance method, predictive emissions monitoring systems, and continuous emissions monitoring systems.

During the selection process, priority was given to candidates involved with established mass balance programmes.

There is growing emphasis on verifying organic integrity through in - depth review of audit trail systems, and mass balance exercises.

This sensitivity to climate indicates that climate variables should be useful in predicting mass balance.

In the 1970s - 1980s, the rate of ice loss slowed to near mass balance.

The study of ice sheet mass balance underwent two major advances, one during the early 1990s, and again early in the 2000s.

Scientists monitor ice sheet mass balance through a variety of techniques.

The forecast is not a specific quantity but a range either positive, negative or equilibrium mass balance.

The aim of this study was to illustrate the minimum number of measurements needed to determine annual mass balance accurately from field measurements alone.

The latter portion of the study period 1995 - 2000 has been more favorable but very inconsistent and can not yet be identified as a period of more favorable mass balance.

A glacier's mass balance hence, its response to climate is complicated by its geographic characteristics.

If we look at more recent work, which examines the changes in volume discharge and surface mass balance, we see the greatest discharge changes and surface loss are in the southeast.

In addition to adding mass to a glacier, precipitation has an indirect effect on glacier mass balance by changing the amount of sunlight the glacier absorbs.

This negative mass balance has fueled a terminal retreat of 800 m during the 1953 - 1998 period.

The consistency of the cumulative balance trends further indicates the glaciers mass balance record is dominated by large scale regional to global climate change.

A series of benchmark glaciers around the world were chosen where annual mass balance would be monitored.

However, mass balance observations are needed for estimating the contribution of glacier melt to sea level rise, so are discussed further in Chapter 11.