Sentences with phrase «measurement network»

The mass balance measurement network covers a glacier's entire accumulation zone with a consistent distribution of measurements (Figure 2 and 3).

We used these dates because this is the time period when we have the available resources to complete the dense measurement network.

Other stations of the global CO2 measurement network show almost exactly the same; the most important regional variation is the greatly subdued seasonal cycle at stations in the southern hemisphere.

A typical measurement network is shown in Figure 2.

For this purpose, the researchers have thoroughly evaluated the earthquake activity by combining the two major Turkish Earthquake Measurement Networks with measurement data from the GFZ Plate Boarder Observatory within the framework of a German - Turkish cooperation project.

On Columbia Glacier in the North Cascades, Washington and Lemon Creek Glacier Juneau Icefield, Alaska, we determined annual mass balance from measurement networks of varying density.

In this study, we approach the issue of errors resulting from measurements networks of varying densities from a purely field measurement perspective.

For the first time, the researchers have proved that both the worldwide measurement network NDACC with its ground stations and modern weather satellites provide reliable global data for the isotope composition of tropospheric water vapor.

Two commercial in - situ instruments and an infrared instrument of the worldwide measurement network NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) were applied for this purpose.

The DKRZ long - term archive WDCC (World Data Center for Climate) has assigned its 1000th DataCite DOI to the experiment OceanRAIN - M of the project «Ocean Rainfall And Ice - phase precipitation measurement Network».

Currently, 20 sites of the ANET project have both seismic and GPS equipment and make up what is called the backbone network, with the goal of remaining in place as part of a long - term measurement network.

«The study also showed us how important it is to maintain a comprehensive measurement network and to develop and use scientific methods that help us distinguish the changes from the natural variation in climate in a reliable way», Laine explains.

The annual balance in meters of water equivalent determined from field measurements networks of varying number of measurement sites on Columbia Glacier.

This measurement density provided an adequate measurement network to determine annual mass balance with an error of -0.10 m / a.

The main source of error in mass balance measurement programs arises from the non-representativeness of this sparse measurement network from which the whole glacier estimate is determined (Cogley, 1996; Paterson, 1994).

We had the advantage of already understanding the overall mass balance pattern of each glacier in selecting measurement networks that would provide the most representative coverage for the glacier given the total number of measurements in each sample (Pelto, 1996; Miller and Pelto, 1999).

To ascertain the annual balance of a glacier from a sparse network of observations is optimized by detailed mapping of mass balance across the glacier determined from a high - density measurement network during several years.

Ongoing measurement networks, satellites and field campaigns continue to be critical to constrain and improve black carbon model development.

The unique Sodankylä ground measurement network is utilized in the quality control of the global satellite - based monitoring of soil moisture and frost

In conclusion, the present atmospheric measurement network, current information on air - sea fluxes and current understanding of vertical atmospheric transport are not sufficient to allow full use of the potential of inverse modelling techniques to infer geographically detailed source - sink distributions of anthropogenic CO2.

At the time, we (correctly) pointed out that this result was going to be hard to reconcile with continued increases in sea level rise (driven in large part by thermal expansion effects), and that there may still be issues with way that the new ARGO floats were being incorporated into the ocean measurement network.

Since the TAR, availability of new data from various measurement networks and from national reporting documents has enabled re-estimates of CH4 source magnitudes and insights into individual source strengths.

Further, Jochem Marotzke of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI) states «Without intensifying the data measurement network, we are going to have to wait a long time for any proof ``.

The use of a high measurement density and consistent methods provides that errors resulting from an imperfectly representative measurement network are largely consistent and correctable (Pelto, 1996, 1997, 2000).

However, the consistency of the error for each year indicated by the parallel nature of the annual balance trendlines for the varying point networks suggests even greater accuracy was possible if the overall glacier balance distribution has been determined at some time using a denser measurement network (Figure 5).

Feb 01, 2018: The DKRZ long - term archive WDCC (World Data Center for Climate) has assigned its 1000th DataCite DOI to the experiment OceanRAIN - M of the project «Ocean Rainfall And Ice - phase precipitation measurement Network».

Ideally, a mass balance measurement network is scattered uniformly over the entire glacier with a density of measurements sufficient for statistical testing of the results.

And currently there are about 10 tall towers that monitor greenhouse gases, whereas the original plan for the measurement network called for around 35, said Arlyn Andrews, a NOAA researcher at the Earth System Research Laboratory who is responsible for the tall tower network and was a co-author on the paper.

The product uncertainty mainly comes from the limited coverage of the measurement network and from errors in atmospheric transport modelling.

Each measurement network covers a glacier's entire accumulation zone with a reasonably consistent density of measurements.

On Columbia Glacier, we used a measurement network with a maximum density of 375 points / km2, and a maximum spacing between points of 90 m and a mean spacing of 45 m. Annual mass balance (1984 - 1998) was typically determined on Columbia Glacier from a measurement network with a spacing of 187 points / km2 (Pelto, 1996), and a mean spacing of 50 m.

We calculated the mass balance for each measurement network simply from the mean of all the observations, without biasing the results according to the representativeness of the specific sites.

A measurement network of 1 point / km2 yielded an error of +0.15 m / a, ranging from -0.07 m / a to — 0.24 m / a.

Cogley (1999) pointed out that with a measurement network spaced at 50 - 100 m apart the largest source of uncertainty is the error in actual point mass balance measurement (> 0.05 m), and sampling error is negligible.

On Lemon Creek Glacier we used a measurement network with a maximum density of 30 points / km2.

Using a network of 2 points / km2 yielded an error of + 0.10 m / a in annual balance for a measurement network of greater than 2 points / km2.

NOAA's scientists not only are involved in maintaining a large portion of the world air sampling and measurement network, but also provide the calibration necessary for an integrated network and serve on several advisory groups and expert committees for assuring quality control, improving understanding, and identifying future needs.

In the Netherlands, ECN has deployed the standalone Windcube in its measurement network to provide bankable data to support the Dutch government's ambitious offshore wind installation targets.

«We can pretty much tell what's happening at a global level, but if we want to understand what's happening in different regions, we really need to have a denser measurement network and a combination of different approaches, like aircraft and tall towers,» said Dlugokencky, a co-author of the Science paper.

Currently this measurement network comprises about 10 snow pits and about 50 ablation stakes distributed across the glacier.