Mitosis is a process in which a single cell divides into two identical cells.
Full definition
In humans, aneuploidy is well known to be deleterious, causing genetic disorders such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21), and frequently occurring
during mitosis in the genesis of cancer.
The first project aims at understanding the contribution of SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) proteins and their complexes to essential processes
in mitosis and meiosis such as sister chromatid cohesion and segregation, DNA recombination and repair, chromosome structure and behaviour.
Main research interests are in molecular control
of mitosis in human cells, its regulators and molecular errors that may cause genetic instability in daughter cells.
Matt Whaley, a science teacher at Cape Elizabeth Middle School, says he has never seen students so «hooked in,» especially when concepts such
as mitosis become moving, visual processes on the Internet as opposed to static pictures in textbooks.
Jan Ellenberg, EMBL Germany, showed films from his lab showing
cell mitosis in high resolution.
With the invention of two new processes: meiosis (derived
from mitosis), the reduction cell division that gives rise to spores in algae and plants, and sex cells in animals; and syngamy, the fusion of sex cells to complete the life cycle.
Although some amoebas presumably can not have sex and divide
by mitosis, others are among the eukaryotes that can have sex — a process that can most simply be defined as ripping a genome in half and later recombining it.
Moffitt Cancer Center researchers have found that a protein called TBK1 plays an important role in the process of cell division, especially at a stage
called mitosis.
«It's now understood to be absolutely essential
for mitosis in virtually all eukaryotic cells,» Scholey said.
The twin ovals appear to be on the edge of merging or at the end of separation, vibrating and shifting as if through the stages of
cellular mitosis.
The undergrads rolled it out on their desks, making wormy simulations of chromosomes, then peeled them apart: cellular
mitosis with an art - studio twist.
Cap - independent translation occurs in eukaryotic cells during normal processes
including mitosis and apoptosis (or programmed cell death).
Nowadays it is admitted that replication stress delays completion of CFS replication more than the rest of the genome, and that breaks occur at under - replicated sequences upon chromosome condensation
at mitosis.
To be able to apply systems biology tools to early
embryonic mitosis, we will push light - sheet - based imaging technology development further to improve its light efficiency and resolution in order to establish a physiological molecular model for early mammalian development and infertility.
Note that the cell progresses
into mitosis, which ends with a double - nuclei cell following failed cytokinesis.
Some six decades ago, it had been used in the study of human chromosomes: The chemical, which could
stop mitosis in its tracks, made it easier to spy the dividing chromosomal strands in metaphase, where they could be clearly viewed under a light microscope.
The movie's first image is of a single cell, shimmying in the light; then, in huge letters «Scarlett Johansson»; then, the cell dividing
via mitosis into two identical duplicates, and then four.
Decreased adherence and increased stiffness of cells overexpressing centrosomal ninein ‐ like protein causes dissemination of wild ‐ type cells
undergoing mitosis from mosaic epithelia.
Also, by using advanced microscopy techniques, we can investigate processes
like mitosis, and gain insight in chromosomal instability.
We propose that Csm1 / Lrs4 functions as a molecular clamp, crosslinking kinetochore components to enforce sister chromatid co-orientation in S. cerevisiae meiosis I and to suppress merotelic attachment in S.
pombe mitosis, and crosslinking rDNA repeats to aid rDNA silencing.
It rapidly assembles when cells
enter mitosis, and it disassembles, after sister chromatid separation and mitotic exit.
Cancer — essentially
mitosis gone rogue — also wouldn't exist.
As
mitosis progresses, the microtubules align the chromosomes along the mid-line of the cell, then shorten and pull the chromosome pairs at their centromeres to opposite sides of the cell.
During the Future session, he asked everyone in the audience — hundreds of people — to raise their hands if they had
studied mitosis in high school.
Mitosis walks you through the process of cell division, and explains everything that happens along the way!
Broadly, most chemotherapeutic drugs work by
impairing mitosis (cell division), effectively targeting fast - dividing cells.
«Cells do not repair damage to DNA during
mitosis because telomeres could fuse together.»
This caused asynchrony between the male and female pronuclei and, ultimately, loss of paternal chromosomes at the
first mitosis.
Scientists have been
watching mitosis through a microscope for about 150 years, but new views are fleshing out the less - detailed pictures of the past (bottom, right).
Cell division consists of several phases, including the M phase where the cells actually divide (M
= mitosis), the S phase where the DNA is copied and prepares for division (S = synthesis) and the G1 / G2 phase in between (G = gap).
The drug was found to prevent
abnormal mitosis and double survival time, compared with a control group of mice that did not receive the drug.
Here, FGFR - TACC (shown in red) can be seen interacting with tubulin bundles (green), structures that
support mitosis, at the point connecting the two daughter cells (whose nuclei are colored blue).
The researchers discovered that the protein produced by FGFR - TACC acts by disrupting the mitotic spindle, the cellular structure that
guides mitosis (the division of a cell into two identical daughter cells).
Multipolar Mitosis of a mouse xenograft under treatment with a prototype inhibitor of centrosomal clustering.
Although the process of mitotic cell division has been studied intensely for more than 50 years, Whitehead Institute researchers have only now solved the mystery of how cells correctly align their chromosomes during
symmetric mitosis.
Binds tightly to chromatin in interphase, chromatin - binding decreases in
mitosis when it associates with the surface of the condensed chromosomes (PubMed: 15896774, PubMed: 22002106).