Sentences with phrase «myeloma cells»

Using an approach developed at Maisonneuve - Rosemont, consisting of an autograft to reduce tumour mass followed by a family allograft three to four months later to clean the bone marrow of myeloma cells with immune cells from a family donor (immunotherapy), the study resulted in a total cure rate of 41 %, a record level using this strategy.

The researchers then tested the capacity of the modified cells to kill human multiple myeloma cells in laboratory studies and an animal model.

Healthy plasma cells produce antibodies that fight infection in the body, but myeloma cells produce high levels of abnormal antibodies that, when the cancer cells accumulate, they crowd out production of other important blood cells, both red and white.

A phase 3 trial of lenalidomide / dexamethasone with elotuzumab (Empliciti ™), an antibody therapy that attacks myeloma cells directly and spurs the immune system to launch an attack of its own.

For animal models, Yang and colleagues used molecular genetic techniques to either increase or decrease the expression of Runx2 in a mouse myeloma cell line.

Plasma cell neoplasms are diseases in which abnormal plasma cells or myeloma cells form tumors in the bones or soft tissues of the body.

Myeloma cells interfere with blood production, resulting in anemia or low red blood cell counts.

Multiple myeloma cells also damage and weaken the bone.

«Synthesizing fatty acids is important for myeloma cells to build vital structures, including cell membranes, that enable them to keep on growing,» Medina said.

The new immune system that grows from the donor stem cells can recognize myeloma cells as «foreign» and kill them, which is known as the «graft - vs - myeloma» effect.

As the number of multiple myeloma cells increases, more antibodies are made.

The idea is to use the understanding of the pathways that adiponectin uses to kill myeloma cells to create a drug that would do the same thing.

The researchers successfully modified fresh T cells from patients and showed that the cells can be grown (expanded) in the lab, and that they efficiently recognized and eradicated myeloma cells;

These changes make the multiple myeloma cells more aggressive.

«Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that multiple myeloma cells express bone - related genes in a Runx2 - dependent fashion that mimics bone marrow resident cells and likely contributes to tumor survival and growth in the bone microenvironment,» Yang and colleagues wrote in the paper.

«Collectively, these Runx2 - mediated effects have the potential to modify the tumor - bone microenvironment and support multiple myeloma cell growth in bone,» Yang and colleagues concluded.

Focusing on adiponectin led Dr. Medina's lab to protein kinase A or «PKA» — a protein that, when activated by adiponectin, suppresses the fatty acids that myeloma cells need, leading to their demise.

«When the multiple myeloma cells come to the new bone sites, the bone immune cells think, «This is one of our neighbor cells,» and therefore do not eliminate them.

In multiple myeloma, normal plasma cells transform into malignant myeloma cells and produce large quantities of toxic abnormal immunoglobulin called monoclonal protein that can damage multiple organs.

In examining these remaining myeloma cells, the Yale team discovered a previously unidentified biologic pathway induced by the immune modulating drugs that enabled the residual cancer cells to survive and proliferate.

The discovery was made by developing a mouse model of the disease that enabled researchers to track which of 15 genetic groups — or subclones — of myeloma cells spread beyond their initial site in the animals» hind legs.

Although myeloma is, like leukemias and lymphomas, a cancer involving white blood cells known as lymphocytes, myeloma cells don't traditionally express CD19 on their surface because they arise from the most mature type of lymphocytes — plasma cells.

For this study, Yu, Hofmeister and their colleagues used cell lines and fresh myeloma cells from patients to produce genetically engineered T cells with a receptor that targets CS1.

The laboratory is interested in mechanisms by which interactions between neutrophils and multiple myeloma cells promote disease progression and chemoresistance.

2 top - responding animals are chosen, and immune cells are harvested for fusion with myeloma cells yielding multiple hybridomas.

More than 90 percent of patients diagnosed with myeloma have multiple myeloma, which means that the cancerous cells, known as myeloma cells once they are malignant, have developed in more than one location in the bone marrow.

Follin - Arbelet V, Torgersen ML, Naderi EH, Misund K, Sundan A, Blomhoff HK Death of multiple myeloma cells induced by cAMP - signaling involves downregulation of Mcl - 1 via the JAK / STAT pathway Cancer Lett (in press) PubMed 23454584

Although myeloma cells can not be removed completely, some of the chemotherapeutic drugs have shown positive results.

Cancerous myeloma cells can also confuse the machines.

Myeloma cells produce a substance which stimulates osteoclasts and results in a faster destruction of bone.

Role of B - Cell — Activating Factor in Adhesion and Growth of Human Multiple Myeloma Cells in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment

«Preventing the degradation of MBD3 protein will make it difficult for myeloma cells to escape this class of drugs,» said senior author Madhav Dhodapkar, professor of immunobiology and chief of the Section of Hematology.

As the number of myeloma cells increases, fewer red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are made.

In our study, as BMI increased, we started seeing an increase in the ability of multiple myeloma cells to adhere, which causes the cancer to better anchor,» DeCicco - Skinner explained.

As a patient's BMI increases, fat cells communicate with multiple myeloma cells, researchers found.

In mice, the Runx2 knock - in myeloma cells produced greater tumor growth and a wider spread of disease compared with the original myeloma cells; conversely, the Runx2 knock - down cells had less tumor growth and disease spread.

«Therefore, the targeting of Runx2 expression in multiple myeloma cells may represent a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of aggressive multiple myeloma.»

What they produce more of, however, are fatty acids, and it is likely that myeloma cells can feed on these fatty acids.

«This new mechanism of Runx2 overexpression can give multiple myeloma cells a bone cell - like phenotype,» Yang said of the work by her lab and collaborators.

The researchers used the Runx2 knock - in and knock - down cells to show that Runx2 overexpression activates the Akt / β - catenin / Survivin signaling system in the multiple myeloma cells.

Fat cells cultured from the body mass index of a morbidly obese patient cause multiple myeloma cells to anchor to a much greater extent than normal cells and produce a significantly larger number of blood vessels to sustain the cancer cells.

«This suggests that Runx2 levels in myeloma cells may be a gene predictor of a patient's prognosis, good or bad,» Yang said.

«We know multiple myeloma cells will anchor into bone marrow, and fat cells in the bone marrow will support the growth and spread of the cancer.

A series of experiments in the multiple myeloma study, with both animal models and cells from human patients, highlights the role of the transcription factor Runx2 to express bone - related genes in myeloma cells — genes that normally exist in bone residential cells, such as bone - forming osteoblasts and osteocytes, and the bone - resorbing osteoclast cells.

In humans, a comparison of bone marrow from 14 normal bone marrow donors, 35 multiple myeloma patients and 11 patients with a noncancerous condition called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) showed that Runx2 levels were significantly higher in the multiple myeloma cells.