Sentences with phrase «of axons»

The Yale team found more than 580 different genes that may play a role in regeneration of axons in nerve cells, something that rarely occurs in adult mammals but is of vital interest to scientists hoping to repair injuries to the central nervous system.

His laboratory at Stanford University School of Medicine is developing novel stem cell and nanotherapeutics approaches for ocular repair, studying retinal ganglion cell development, survival and axon regeneration in glaucoma, and investigating the cellular basis for the developmental loss of axon growth ability.

«If we can find ways to block or inhibit CD11b early on, we should be able reduce or limit the amount of abnormal leukocyte trafficking, inflammation, and the resulting demyelination and loss of axons in AIDP,» he said.

A research team has identified a gene that, upon elimination, could potentially spur regeneration of axons in nerve cells severed by spinal cord injury.

Diffusion tensor imaging allows researchers to see white matter by gauging the ability of water to diffuse in different directions, because a bundle of axons tends to restrict the movement of water in the brain.

Specifically, their work centered on the ends / tips of the axons of these neurons, where they release their signals.

And RNA must be transported to the end of the axons for motor neurons to survive and keep us moving, eating and breathing.

Each swelling may be up to 50 times as wide as the normal diameter of the axon.

For their analyses, the scientists specifically colored the places of origin of axons of so - called pyramidal cells in the hippocampus.

What would be immensely helpful is a drug that could minimize the degeneration of axons, thus reducing the rate and degree of MS progression.

Co-labeling for neurofilament (NF: green) and human mitochondrial marker (hMito: red) shows a markedly higher density of axons within hGDAsBMP treated injury sites (A, E) compared to hGDAsCNTF treated injury sites (B, F).

When they removed Phr1 from adult mice, the severed portion of the axons remained intact for much longer than in genetically normal mice.

This extreme morphology raises many cellular challenges: in particular, the delay required to transport organelles and cargo from the soma to distant parts of the axon can reach several hours and is incompatible with the rapid adaptation of subcellular homeostasis.

Specifically, the research sheds light on the role of RPM - 1 in the development of axons or nerve fibers — the elongated projections of nerve cells that transmit electrical impulses away from the neuron via synapses.

The scientific knowledge gained from this research could be paradigm - shifting for understanding the regulation of axon growth and regeneration in the CNS.

Thanks to a fibrous prolongation known as the axon, and to the end region of the axon known as the synapse, neurons can send signals to other cells, often quite far away.

«This new method provides us with several benefits when compared to previous techniques, and allows us to simulate more realistic conditions encountered in developing embryos, conduct longer - term experiments to observe the entire process of axon guidance, and obtain extremely useful quantitative data,» adds Sloan.

This image of an Alzheimer's patient's neural network — viewed from above, with the front of the brain on the right — was created using diffusion tensor imaging, a technique that tracks water molecules moving along the length of the axons that link neuron to neuron.

Building upon previous research, scientists at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and Veteran's Affairs San Diego Healthcare System report that neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and grafted into rats after a spinal cord injury produced cells with tens of thousands of axons extending virtually the entire length of the animals» central nervous system.

The relative density of axons within the centers of hGDABMP or hGDACNTF transplanted injury sites was determined by quantifying neurofilament - immunoreactive pixels in 4 tissue sections per spinal cord from 5 animals per experimental group.

hGDAsBMP provided extensive benefit, including robust protection of spinal cord neurons, increased support of axon growth and locomotor recovery.

The electrical signal is perhaps a third of the speed it is in an adult, reflecting the delayed myelination (myelin is the covering of the axon that speeds up transmission of long - distance electrical communication) and immaturity of the young brain.

10:06 - Gerardo Morfini: HD patients have loss of «white matter» in the brain, which is made of axons, suggesting it's important to understand.

The combination prompted the regrowth of axons — the «telephone wires» that help neurons communicate — projecting from retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).

In the late 1960s, Katz determined that the amount of acetylcholine in a vesicle was related to the electrical potential at the terminal of an axon — the long extension of a neuron that transmits the impulse.

Once disconnected, the blunt end of an axon seals itself off, swells with fluids, enzymes and proteins and eventually bursts.

Serotonin released from the tips of the axons signal other neurons in these target areas to influence mood and other aspects of behavior.

The human brain is packed with cells called neurons that connect via networks of axons and dendrites.

«Typically, an overproduction of axons and synapses can be found during early puberty, followed by rapid pruning during later puberty, indicating that connections and communication between subcortical and cortical regions are in a highly transitional state during this period.»

That result is intriguing given recent findings of damage to the brain's white matter, which is made up of axons, in Iraq war veterans injured in blasts, Parker says.

This photomicrograph reveals the disposition of axons that regulate the contraction of certain muscles.

The measurements are used to build images that trace the shape and direction of the axons and how the neurons in one region are connected to other brain regions.

These antibodies are typically involved in immune surveillance, but in this case they promote the myelination of axons.»

The mini brain on the right features a tangle of axons (pink)-- extensions of neurons that send and receive signals.

They also discussed creating a map of roughly half of the human brain's 100,000 km of axons, the threadlike extensions that project from neurons, as the NBO's first big project.

A paper in the journal Neural Development shows that RPM - 1 is localized at both the synapse and the mature axon tip, evidence that RPM - 1 is positioned to potentially coordinate the construction of synapses with regulation of axon extension and termination.

Each glomerulus — «a ball of axons and dendrites,» according to Albeanu — is a junction where axons from sensory neurons meet up with and connect, or synapse, with dendrites sent from the next processing layer in the bulb, populated by mitral cells.

Experiments conducted in mice and in human ALS cells reveal that when RIPK1 is out of control, it can spark axonal damage by setting off a chemical chain reaction that culminates in stripping the protective myelin off of axons and triggering axonal degeneration — the hallmark of ALS.

The accidental collisions of axons and dendrites in the tangled «spaghetti» of the brain lead to contact points.

It consists of axons that — unlike the axons in gray matter — are coated with myelin and transmit signals to the gray matter.

In some neurodegenerative diseases, the myelin sheaths of axons in the peripheral nervous system degrade, meaning they can no longer relay signals and commands efficiently.

«The enormous outgrowth of axons to many regions of the spinal cord and even deeply into the brain raises questions of possible harmful side effects if axons are mistargeted.

In these mice, 90 per cent of the axons in the SC had extended into the wrong areas.

The study, «Facilitation of axon regeneration by enhancing mitochondrial transport and rescuing energy deficits,» which has been published in The Journal of Cell Biology, suggests potential new strategies to stimulate the regrowth of human neurons damaged by injury or disease.

When the researchers looked at the spinal cords under a microscope they found that the drug induced sprouting of axons that use the neurochemical serotonin to communicate.

This slower type of axon death may happen when someone suffers mild but repeated brain injuries, exactly the kind that football players experience as they crash into each other in game after game.

But now the enzymes attack the broken ends of the microtubules, causing the internal structure of the axon to dissolve.

The discovery opens up plenty of new avenues of research, including investigations into guidance mechanisms of other classes of axons along the longitudinal axis (Nature Neuroscience, 2005; 8: 1151 - 1159) and axon regeneration following injury.