Sentences with phrase «of sulfur dioxide»

200 million tons of sulfur dioxide was shot up into the stratosphere.

Some of the other factors are also due to human activity; industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide, for example, may have a cooling effect.

That single replacement will eliminate emissions of 1000 pounds of carbon dioxide, 4 - 6 pounds of sulfur dioxide, and 8 mg of mercury on average.

However, while field measurements of sulfur dioxide emissions are increasing, they still remain too sparse to piece together a cohesive global picture.

The current seems to connect through clouds of sulfur dioxide gas shooting up out of volcanoes at these points.

But other studies pointed to volcanoes, which are also an important source of sulfur dioxide.

Another intriguing piece of evidence comes from measurements of sulfur dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere, which were found to drop by a factor of ten between 1978 and 1986.

They analyzed ozone measurements taken from weather balloons and satellites, as well as satellite measurements of sulfur dioxide emitted by volcanoes, which can also enhance ozone depletion.

While it is an emission from vehicles the most common producer of sulfur dioxide in the air is from volcano eruptions.

Toward the end of that year, though, the Pioneer Venus probe entered Venusian orbit — and immediately recorded suspiciously high levels of sulfur dioxide above the clouds.

They calculate that, around 3.9 billion years ago, erupting volcanoes emitted huge quantities of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, which eventually settled and dissolved in water as sulfidic anions — specifically, sulfites and bisulfites.

Among gaseous pollutants, reductions of sulfur dioxide levels showed significant correlation to lower death rates for emphysema, asthma and pneumonia; decreases in carbon monoxide were significantly associated with lower emphysema and asthma deaths.

In response, the IPCC added a cooling factor to its models of the atmosphere, consisting of tiny aerosol particles produced by the emission of sulfur dioxide from electric power plants.

For each ton of sulfur dioxide pollution, or SOx, the health damage ranges from $ 6,000 to $ 50,000 per ton, with a median rate of $ 19,000.

They can also result from human activities, such as sulfate particles which form from the oxidation of sulfur dioxide emitted from power plants, or, as is the case in Central Africa, soot and ash from human - made fires.

Not only can cruise ships generate the same amount of sulfur dioxide fumes as 13.1 million cars in a day, but they also dump boatloads of noxious bilge water into the ocean.

The EPA estimates that in 2012, the Sapphire Princess, an Alaska Cruise Lines vessel, produced the same amount of sulfur dioxide as 13.1 million cars in a single day.

Io's atmosphere (the reddish haze in the artist's sketch, above), which is largely made of sulfur dioxide, originates from volcanic plumes scattered around the moon (depicted as blue fountains, above).

Additional moisture near coal - burning power plants accelerates the conversion of sulfur dioxide fumes into sulfuric acid, increasing acid rain in the area.

«When you look at a satellite picture of sulfur dioxide, you end up with it appearing as hotspots — bull's - eyes, in effect — which makes the estimates of emissions easier.»

First was an improvement in the computer processing that transforms raw satellite observations from the Dutch - Finnish Ozone Monitoring Instrument aboard NASA's Aura spacecraft into precise estimates of sulfur dioxide concentrations.

Io has lakes of molten sulfur and plumes of sulfur dioxide shooting hundreds of kilometers above the surface.

If engineers were to spray about 10 million metric tons of sulfur dioxide droplets into the stratosphere each year between 2020 and 2070, the number of storm surge inundations produced by large hurricanes each year after 2070 drops by about half, the researchers report online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The problem in the 1980s was that American power plants were sending up vast clouds of sulfur dioxide, which was falling back to earth in the form of acid rain, damaging lakes, forests and buildings across eastern Canada and the United States.

Concerning pollution from coal, Lomborg wrote in The Skeptical Environmentalist that «in developed economies, switches to low - sulfur coal, scrubbers, and other air - pollution control devices have today removed the vast part of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide emissions».

«Living downwind of coal - fired power plant could increase risk of low birth weight: Study found that babies born during 1990 - 2006 to mothers living as far as 20 to 30 miles away from proven emitter of sulfur dioxide emissions had 6.5 percent greater risk of low birth weight and 17.12 percent greater risk of very low birth weight.»

The rotten - egg smell of sulfur dioxide gas hinted that magma was still cooling inside.

Fig. 3: The coloured area is where ALMA detected emission of sulfur dioxide molecules toward G345.4938 +01.4677.

Another explanation could be that the atmosphere contained oxygen as early as 3.8 billion years ago and that mass independent isotope ratios of sulfur occurred because of violent volcanic eruptions and enormous amounts of sulfur dioxide released into the atmosphere.

Currently he leads the component development of the sulfur dioxide depolarized electrolysis cell for the production of hydrogen in the hybrid sulfur cycle and the development of non-PGM catalysts for PEMFCs.

We can fill the stratosphere with plane - loads of sulfur dioxide, which will form tiny droplets of sulfuric acid that will reflect away excess sunlight and counter the warming.

Volcanic eruptions represent one kind of natural event whose lofting of sulfur dioxide high into the stratosphere can create tiny particles that can have a temporary cooling effect.

This stands in stark contrast to the use of fossil fuels, which can not only result in the emission of large amounts of CO2, but also of Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen Oxide (NOx).

But it's also the by - product of fossil fuel combustion, and when a refinery or power plant reduces its greenhouse gas emissions (by becoming more energy - efficient, for example), it also releases fewer smog - forming chemicals like nitrogen oxides, less of the sulfur dioxide and soot that can irritate lungs and cause respiratory disease, and fewer toxic emissions linked to cancer and neurological disorders.

China's air is brimming with a heady mix of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, lead, mercury, and other assorted pollutants.

The Tennessee Valley Authority's Gallatin Fossil Plant, near Nashville, is set for a $ 1.1 billion environmental upgrade, a suite of sulfur dioxide scrubbing and ozone - busting equipment that operators hope will enable it to produce power through the next century.

And the lower - than - expected cost of sulfur dioxide regulation mostly resulted from technological changes that occurred well before the establishment of pollution trading: rail deregulation allowed for the economic shipment of low - sulfur coal, and the development of cheaper scrubbers.