They carefully selected ions that react with volatile trace gases, but don't react with abundant compounds in breath such
as oxygen and nitrogen.
Similarly, a problem with antioxidant production can result in the buildup of
reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, otherwise termed «free radicals», in the mitochondria.
Each individual robot is capable of manipulating a single molecule and is made up of just 150 carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen and nitrogen atoms.
These, in turn, triggered reactions in the upper atmosphere in
which oxygen and nitrogen molecules released photons of light.
To see if any melting had occurred in the interim, they analyzed radioactive isotopes of beryllium known as beryllium - 10, which form in the atmosphere when cosmic rays collide
with oxygen and nitrogen atoms.
Free radicals like reactive
oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) are molecules missing an electron, making them highly unstable and capable of destructive interactions with lipids, DNA, and proteins.
The ozone layer, which
includes oxygen and nitrogen as well as ozone, forms a protective belt in the stratosphere about 10 to 18 miles above the Earth, reflecting the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Beyond their immediate effects, VOCs react with other molecules in the air, such as
oxygen and nitrogen oxides, to generate ozone as well as fine particulate matter.
If I'm understanding this correctly, then, much of what's doing the re-radiating is
ordinary oxygen and nitrogen that have had the energy from excited CO2 (and other greenhouse gases) transferred to them by collisions.
Conversely,
oxygen and nitrogen free radicals are essential for all aerobic organisms where free radicals and ROS are used for advantageous biological effects.
Nitrogen oxides are formed
when oxygen and nitrogen come together at high pressure and temperature found in the internal combustion engine.
Phytoplankton prefer to consume nitrate with
lighter oxygen and nitrogen isotopes, so they leave behind heavier isotopes; measuring these can reveal microbial activity in the environment.
He quotes some paper in geophysical letters that
finds oxygen and nitrogen allegedly have some weak properties of infra red heat absorption and transmittance similar to CO2 although much weaker.
Consider the planet Venus, which has an atmosphere of nearly pure CO2, and surface temperatures of above 400 degrees celsius, and compare that to earth where the atmosphere is
mostly oxygen and nitrogen and lower in temperature.
Since oxygen and nitrogen expand quite magnificently when warmed and they represent 99 % of the Earths atmosphere, it is difficult to imagine that this PHYSICAL, Scientific effect is ignored and reference is made to just about every other bloody thing on the face of the Earth or Sun.
Free radicals are released by cellular mechanisms responding to impact and cardio - muscular stress - specifically
reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS).
Because they function in redox reactions and defend against reactive
oxygen and nitrogen species, bioactive constituents in plants known as phytochemicals are categorized as antioxidants (27).