Sentences with phrase «particular cells»

While the genetic code carried in our DNA provides instructions for cells to manufacture specific proteins, it is a second code that determines which genes are in fact activated in particular cell types.

In each case there is interest in obtaining comprehensive, accurate data for particular cell types and in identifying patterns of variation within the data.

However, it is difficult to conclude from mixed tissue samples which genes are expressed by particular cell types.

With this in mind, the researchers switched off expression of the mouse Smc3 gene, which encodes part of the cohesin complex, in particular cell types to assess its function.

Embryonic cells are pluripotent, having the full genetic code enabling them to become any type of cell; they differentiate into particular cells in their later development.

Recent theorizing within this tradition suggests that these shifts may be manifested in changes in the relative frequency of particular cell types in blood (Irwin and Cole, 2011) as well as in the epigenetic programming and gene expression of such cells (Miller et al., 2011a).

Bishop's approach is to develop an injection to destroy particular cells in the hypothalamus, an area in the brain about the size of a pearl that controls reproduction in mammals.

To find out, Leifer and his collaborators genetically engineered the one - millimeter - long nematode worm to make particular cells in its body sensitive to light, a technique called optogenetics, developed in recent years by Stanford University psychiatrist and bioengineer Karl Deisseroth [see Deisseroth's «Controlling the Brain with Light,» Scientific American, November 2010].

«There is a lot of excitement in stem cell biology these days about the possibility of rationally and efficiently generating particular cell types from different stem cells for therapeutic purposes,» he said.

The research team found that a key downstream effect of depleting the protein was that particular cells failed to migrate to the heart, where they would usually have played key roles in developing heart structures.

But H5N1, well adapted to the higher temperatures and particular cell receptors found in chickens, does not spread from person to person.

They target particular cells and change their behavior.

When people see an image of a person they recognize — the famous tennis player Roger Federer or actress Halle Berry, for instance — particular cells light up in the brain.

Conventional flow cytometry is a powerful technique for measuring cell phenotype and function, but it relies on fluorescent stains, or labels, to identify particular cell subpopulations.

For instance, overexpressing genes that reshape the cytoskeleton (the cell's structural scaffolding) resulted in similar signatures, as did overexpressing genes within or related to particular cell signaling pathways.

«Targeting the enhancer allows us to study particular cell types in a highly specific way,» says Thomas.

The inflammatory response usually involves the release of histamine molecules from particular cells concentrated in specific parts of the body - around the face and ears, the paws, belly, and around the anus.

Horsager's team is trying to go beyond simple light / dark discrimination by precisely activating particular cells in the retinal system.

As they move up the hair follicle they begin to differentiate into particular cell types.

Early in cerebellar development, particular cell types come to be distributed unevenly from top to bottom, creating a dorsal - ventral separation.

We need to modify brain activity in humans to test whether particular brain regions contribute to perception and behavior, and we need to do the same in animals to modify activity in particular cell - types to understand the molecular basis of these processes.

To quote Ayala and Kiger's textbook, Modern Genetics: «There is no way of knowing whether a given gene will mutate in a particular cell or in a particular generation,» because the mutations «are unoriented with respect to adaptation.»

Called absentminded, they are in fact present - minded, because they do this in order to be present with some particular point of the world — to love it and know it — the artist and lover with a particular face, for instance, the scientist with a particular cell or organism.

They found that particular cells in the breast must remain insulin sensitive to develop properly and function in the presence of other hormones of lactation.

Government requests for the mass disclosure of every caller who connected to a particular cell - phone tower have spiked during the first half of 2017, according to Verizon's latest transparency report.

«When someone has a problem — whether they need to find a particular cell line or need to understand the formulation of a particular type of culture medium — they're coming to you and they're in a crisis.

The methyl group works like a placeholder in a cookbook, attaching to the DNA within each cell to select only those recipes — er, genes — necessary for that particular cell's proteins.

One particular cell - type in the gut, the dendritic cell, can act as a beacon sending out long - range signals to the bone marrow where monocytes are produced.

For any particular cell, such as a skin or brain cell, much of this genetic information is extraneous and must be packed away to allow sufficient space and resources for more important genes.

It showed that, in a particular cell line, neither MYC nor LIN41 are needed to enhance reprogramming.

For that matter, why were those particular cells, and not some others nearby, drafted into storage duty?

«For that, we plan to attach antibodies to the surface of the nanoparticles so they will be attracted to particular cell types, and we will evaluate these modified particles in more realistic biological settings.»

«Targeting something that is fundamental and not just a peculiarity of a particular cell type holds greater promise.»

Programmed - death ligand 1 (PD - L1) is a protein that tells the immune system not to kill a particular cell.

«We knew that Smchd1 was an epigenetic suppressor — a factor that switches off genes that are unnecessary for that particular cells» function — but we were in the dark about where and how it was acting on the DNA.»

«There's a complicated network and you can't unravel it until you realize what is going on with these particular cells, so the geography is very important,» said Turgeon.

Neurophysiologists have discovered that particular cells in the brain are responsible for registering particular shapes (horizontal or vertical lines, for instance), Wolfe said.

For instance, Georgia Tech Graduate Student Ricardo Cruz - Acuña, the paper's co-lead author, experimented with several combinations before determining that a hydrogel made up of 96 percent water and containing a particular cell adhesion peptide was ideal for the HIOs.

Previous studies have demonstrated that particular cell types, such as those that constitute the retina or cornea, can be created in the laboratory from pluripotent stem cells.

Then they could use an antibody that clung to a tag on the SUN - 1 protein to retrieve nuclei of those particular cells.

Depending on the person, particular cells in the medial temporal lobe — an area critical to forming long - term memories — get fired up only by, for example, images of

This research reveals a new type of cell fusion that is initiated to destroy a particular cell, and enlightens the evolution of sexual reproduction in flowering plants.

Single - cell RNA sequencing allows researchers to determine the precise nature of the total gene transcripts, or all of the genes that are actively expressed in a particular cell.

This means that, in the future, these particular cells could potentially be used as a marker to monitor prostate cancer patients and predict if the disease is going to spread — alongside other monitoring techniques.

The next step was to send them to key locations inside the body by finding the right molecular «addresses» to particular cells, and gluing them onto the capsule.

A queen will lay an unfertilized egg in a particular cell only if the cell is big enough to accommodate a male larva, which is bigger than a female one.

For example, one thing that we are doing is to try to differentiate individual pluripotent stem cells into a particular cell type with a shotgun approach.

If it's only a small number of cells maintaining cancer, today's treatments may be failing because those particular cells aren't being wiped out,» says Peter Dirks...