Sentences with phrase «protein translation»
Protein translation refers to the process by which cells in our body read and convert the instructions in our genes into proteins. It is like the cell's way of following a recipe to make proteins, which are important molecules involved in various functions in our body. Full definition
Its usual function is to help cells terminate protein translation, but when it takes on an amyloid structure, it stops performing that function.
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PI3K / AKT / mTOR is considered to be a central regulatory pathway of protein translation involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, and survival (11, 26, 30).
Additionally, laboratories around the world are working to develop SINEUPs to enhance protein translation as a therapy for specific diseases caused by the deficiency of a specific protein, such a haploinsufficiencies, where one of two genes is not functional.
The regulation is complex as it involves increased transcription [43], increased protein translation [42], increased mRNA stability and reduced protein degradation [44].
This causes reduced phosphorylation of 4E - BP1 and p70S6K1, thereby inhibiting protein translation.
New research by scientists from the University of Chicago demonstrates that the mammalian enzyme ALKBH1 can remove molecular modifications from transfer RNA, causing a measurable effect on protein translation in the cell.
mTOR - raptor complex is sensitive to rapamycin and regulates cell growth, in part, by phosphorylation of p70S6K and subsequently rpS6 and 4E - BP1, thus promoting protein translation.
When the mitochondrial translation rate increases, the mTOR signaling pathway is activated, which causes the increase in the cytoplasmic protein translation rate to counteract pressure from the increased mitochondrial translation, thus representing a new evolutionary adaptation mechanism.
«Global Systems - Level Analysis of Hfq and SmpB Deletion Mutants in Salmonella: Implications for Virulence and Global Protein Translation.»
Stress granules form as a result of protein translation inhibition that is imposed by almost any type of stress.
(The study is titled «Enhanced Protein Translation Underlies Improved Metabolic and Physical Adaptations to Different Exercise Training Modes in Young and Old Humans,» proving yet again that research paper titling is where fun goes to die.)
They increased membrane protein folding in water during protein translation and preserved water - soluble protein activity in organic solvents.
The pilot project tested a dozen or so of the most commonly used gene promoters (regions of DNA that facilitate gene transcription) and segments of DNA that encode ribosome - binding sites (sequences of messenger RNA that control protein translation) to determine whether they behave consistently in different cellular contexts.
Further study found that the rate of mitochondrial protein translation increased after mtEF4 was knocked out.
There are two sets of protein translation systems in mammalian cells — the cytoplasmic translation system and the mitochondrial translation system — both of which are composed of ribosome, tRNAs and translation factors.
Importantly, Zika virus also follows the same pattern of cellular behavior of repressing the cell's translation and stress response while promoting its own protein translation.
The study, published Oct. 13 in Cell, sheds new light on how cells control gene expression, and suggests the possibility that transfer RNA (tRNA) influences cellular processes beyond protein translation.
While it has been understood for some time now that tRNAs are heavily decorated with small chemical groups such as methyls (carbon atoms bound to three hydrogens), the unprecedented discovery that one of these modifications can be removed suggests that tRNA has a regulatory role in the process of protein translation through chemical changes in itself.
The researchers also found that protein translation doesn't start immediately after mRNAs exit the nucleus but instead gets underway several minutes after mRNAs have entered the cytoplasm.
These robust regulators of genetic programs comprise a novel class of small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by repressing protein translation.
In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), multiple pathways including insulin / insulin - like growth factor (IGF)-1 signaling, dietary restriction, altering mitochondrial signaling, and protein translation modulate mean and maximal lifespan (6 ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ — 11).
BGEM contains images for more than 400 genes with DNA binding and / or transcription factor activity, and more than 300 genes with protein translation and protein transport activity.
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of noncoding RNAs with lengths of approximately 22 nucleotides that bind to target messenger RNAs to inhibit protein translation.
Led by the postdoctoral associate Fange Liu, PhD, the new work showed that the mammalian enzyme ALKBH1 can remove a small molecular group added to tRNA, and that the presence or absence of this modification has a measureable effect on protein translation.
The evidence on protein is not restricted to flies and there is good evidence for mechanisms, involving both methionine - promoted protein translation and reduced autophagy.
mTOR - raptor complex (composed of mTOR, raptor, and GβL) is sensitive to rapamycin and regulates cell growth, in part, by phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) kinase (p70S6K or S6K1) and subsequent phosphorylation of rpS6 to stimulate protein translation and ribosome biogenesis (9, 10).
In cancer, a state marked by increased protein translation and biomass expansion, HSF1 is activated and binds to numerous genes throughout the genome, as seen in the heat map of HSF1 ChIP - Seq read density in M0 - 91acute myeloid leukemia cells (DMSO, far left).
The link between the disease and the regulation of protein translation that microRNA provides was the Gemin3 protein, Hart said.
The GenBank sequence database is an open access, annotated collection of all publicly available nucleotide sequences and their protein translations.
With no nucleus to further modify and craft gene expression and protein translation, life thrived but literally could not get hold of itself, could not assume new shapes or diversify.
Mitochondrial translation elongation factor 4 (mtEF4) is a quality control factor in protein translation.
Understanding the dynamics of RNA biology and protein translation in dendrites promises to provide insight into regulatory mechanisms that may be modulated for therapeutic purposes in neurological and psychiatric illnesses.
Eberwine, first author Tae Kyung Kim, PhD, a postdoc in the Eberwine lab, and colleagues including Jai Yoon Sul, PhD, assistant professor in Pharmacology, showed that protein translation of two dendrite mRNAs is complex in space and time, as reported online in Cell Reports this week.
Now, the team investigated how Dengue virus might affect protein translation and found that the global cellular protein translation is significantly suppressed, while translation of the Dengue viral proteins proceeds.
In many viral infections, once a human cell senses the presence of a virus, it activates a stress response meant to act as damage control — part of the stress response shuts down the process of protein translation that viruses need to replicate themselves.
«Tight Coordination of Protein Translation and HSF1 Activation Supports the Anabolic Malignant State»
However, by determining that protein translation is intimately connected to HSF1 activity, Whitehead scientists may have identified an approach to controlling cancer cells» overactive heat shock response.
«Systems in the cell that need to work together — such as protein translation and the heat shock response — actually are linked together.
October 13, 2016 UChicago scientists identify enzyme that removes molecular modifications from transfer RNA New research from UChicago shows that the enzyme ALKBH1 can remove modifications from transfer RNA, causing a measurable effect on protein translation.
The findings demonstrate an unprecedented link between glucose metabolism, protein translation, and protein folding and have implication in the treatment of diabetes.
Glucocorticoids are released upon stress and nutrient limitation and inhibit protein translation.
Other types of RNA play important roles in regulating gene expression (microRNAs), RNA processing by the spliceosome (small nuclear RNAs or snRNA), and protein translation (tRNAs).