Reticulum is a word used in biology to describe a network-like structure or arrangement. It refers to a system or object that has interconnected parts forming a pattern resembling a net or mesh.
Full definition
Bottom: Human epithelial cells from breast tissue showing the effects of endoplasmic
reticulum stress (blue) which fills the entire cell structure.
I don't think we'll find another galaxy like
Reticulum II anytime soon, but hey, we're going to keep looking!
The protein composition of the junctional
sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane encompassing the excitation - contraction coupling molecular complex (ECCMC) is extremely complicated.
But I don't think we'll go back far enough in space, and therefore time, to see a merger like
in Reticulum II that went off billions of years ago.
Scientists reached that conclusion after finding traces of heavy elements produced by the cataclysm in the ancient dwarf
galaxy Reticulum II.
We won't see the r - process enrichment events that took place at the time when a galaxy
like Reticulum II was being formed, but hopefully we'll see the newly synthesized gold closer to home!
In addition, gastrocnemius muscles from IL - 15Rα — KO mice expressed higher levels of mRNA for the sarcoplasmic endoplasmic
reticulum calcium ATPase - II (SERCA2) and lower mRNA expression and protein content of the calcium - binding protein calsequestrin (Figure 5, F and G).
Astronomers studying a galaxy
called Reticulum II have just discovered that its stars contain whopping amounts of these metals.
In this research, the scientists disturbed endoplasmic
reticulum function by introducing saturated fatty acids into cells to induce lipotoxic stress.
The unusual dimer of the ZIKV protease: inhibitor complex seen in the crystal may provide a model for assemblies formed at high local concentrations of protease at the
endoplasmatic reticulum membrane, the site of polyprotein processing.
Transit of a CD8 - p24 chimera from the endoplasmic
reticulum through the Golgi complex was slowed when the phenylalanine motif was mutated, suggesting that this motif may function as an anterograde transport signal.
In particular, the potential role of the sarcoplasmic
reticulum Ca2 + release channel, the ryanodine receptor type 1, will be discussed.
Understand the membrane dynamics of autophagasome biogenesis and its putative crosstalk with endoplasmic
reticulum contact sites
The latter then activates the TRPV1 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1) channel, causing an increase in intracellular Ca2 + levels via release from the
sarcoplasmatic reticulum.
This response was unaffected by depletion of sarcoplasmic
reticulum stores with thapsigargin, but was abolished by both bafilomycin and Ned - 19.
As discussed previously, the effects of caffeine on calcium's availability in the sarcoplasmic
reticulum which is where the sliding filaments are located, would theoretically make caffeine beneficial to explosive lifting.
They also saw differences in the shape of the cells» mitochondria and endoplasmic
reticulum structure among other differences.
Oligodendrocytes have mitochondria and an endoplasmic
reticulum too.
A protein in the TOR signalling pathway, called SREBP, controls the flow of messages to the endoplasmic
reticulum telling it to expand — and could allow cancer cells to produce enough proteins and lipids to fuel their non-stop growth.
Domains that contained dilysine endoplasmic
reticulum retrieval signals bound the α -, β ′ -, and ϵ - COP subunits of coatomer, whereas other p24 domains bound the β -, γ -, and ζ - COP subunits and required a phenylalanine - containing motif.
The researchers revealed that BOK is controlled at the level of protein stability by components of the Endoplasmic
Reticulum Associated Degradation or ERAD pathway.
After detecting a harmful buildup of unfolded proteins, the endoplasmic
reticulum sends a signal to the nucleus that activates genes that work to fix the problem.
Mice have a high incidence of Hodgkin's - like
reticulum cell neoplasm at 18 months of age and pituitary tumors in old multiparous females.
Furthermore; inositol 1,4,5 - triphosphate when connected to cytosol results in the interaction with the endoplasmic
reticulum leading to an increase in calcium concentration within the cytosol.
It lies in the west central part (03:17:46.2 - 62:34:31.2 and 03:18:12.8 - 62:30:22.9, ICRS 2000.0) of
Constellation Reticulum, the Reticule or Net (an old astronomical instrument used to measure star positions)-- northwest of Kappa and Beta Reticuli.
Link between Endoplasmic
Reticulum Turnover and Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's 1 Jin Rui Liang, PhD University of California, Berkeley (Berkeley, CA)
The function of Rab6a» was also required, whereas its closely related isoform, Rab6a, has previously been implicated in Golgi - to - endoplasmic
reticulum transport.
Proteins necessary for ciliogenesis are manufactured in the endoplasmic
reticulum before traveling to the trans - Golgi network to be sorted into «zip - coded packages» or vesicles for transport to the cilia.
FREBEL: Finding these elements
at Reticulum II thoroughly illustrates the concept of stellar archaeology.
First, we have to find dwarf galaxies and that requires very large sky surveys like the Dark Energy Survey — which
discovered Reticulum II — as well as surveys conducted by the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, which will start operations in the 2020s.
This material, rich in heavy metals, then went on to
form Reticulum II's standout stars.
Of the 10 dwarf galaxies that have been similarly studied so far,
only Reticulum II bears such strong chemical signatures.
Alcohol consumption generates oxidative stress and inflammation and the potential to disrupt endoplasmic
reticulum homeostasis; a consequence of this response is to limit the rate of protein synthesis [44], [45].