Not only is there a much higher diversity of
microbes under the seafloor than originally thought, large and active populations exist much deeper in the sediments than was believed, the team reports 21 July in Nature.
Turning big, frozen deposits of methane
buried under the seafloor into fuel for our cars and homes is coming closer to reality.
This cutaway view of Saturn's moon Enceladus is an artist's rendering that depicts possible hydrothermal activity that may be taking place on and
under the seafloor of the moon's subsurface ocean, based on recently published results from NASA's Cassini mission.
While hydrothermal activity can produce considerable quantities of hydrogen, in porous rocks often
found under seafloors, radiolysis could produce copious amounts as well.
It is also the main component of natural gas; the Department of Energy is investigating whether the fuel can be mined from humongous
deposits under the seafloor.
For more than two decades, scientists studying hydrothermal circulation in the
water under the seafloor have assumed that the flow is relatively stable.
Microbes
living under the seafloor today, Parkes speculates, may have survived the growth and splintering of continents, the opening and closing of oceans; they may have been buried, subducted, frozen in hydrate, and spat out of a mud volcano, only to be buried, subducted, and spat out again.
The smoke turned out to contain concentrated metal sulfides, which the superheated salt water was drawing out from the volcanic
rock under the seafloor.
Global fuel supplies may soon be dramatically enlarged thanks to new techniques to tap into huge reserves of natural gas
trapped under the seafloor.
One can imagine an underground network of CO2 pipelines for EOR — and ultimately underground storage of the greenhouse gas — that grows to the size of the underground and aboveground network of oil and gas pipelines that currently exists, one that covers most continents and even extends offshore to where CO2 can most safely be
buried under the seafloor.
The Navy wanted to know if
hydrates under the seafloor were interfering with acoustic signals picked up by an underwater hydrophone array used by the military to track Soviet subs.
Although these two carbon sources alone wouldn't have accounted for the dramatic warming event that followed, once a bunch of greenhouse gas is released into the atmosphere, as we modern earthlings have been observing in real time lately, it destabilizes and releases other greenhouse gases like methane locked up in permafrost or
under the seafloor.