Sentences with phrase «by climate models»

No one could say climate change was the direct cause of this storm, but rising temperatures and more powerful storms have been predicted by climate models for more than two decades.

What you need to do is look at the verified predictions made by climate models.

Are you familiar with the infrared cooling models used by the climate models?

This can be understood as follows: because there is little uncertainty in the estimate provided by climate models, the method considers that internal variability is partly responsible for the low observed value.

In other words, the real world is not accurately captured by the climate models — the models predict that the world should warm up much faster than it actually does.

The observed features can be approximately produced by climate models.

It is also predicted by climate models in response to the rising greenhouse gas content of the atmosphere.

When the correct adjustments to the data were applied the data matched much more closely the trends expected by climate models.

These results confirm behaviour predicted by climate models showing that greater snow cover should occur in this ice sheet.

To quantify the effect of internal variability, simulations generated by climate models are analyzed to determine the probability of ten year periods with zero or negative trends in surface temperature (5).

The major argument for that is that physically one would expect that and detailed analysis by climate models shows it.

Furthermore, these recent past trends are also supported by climate models, also suggesting an enhancement of the trends under future warmer climates.

It is traditional to use moving averages of the data to smooth out year - to - year changes that can not be anticipated by any climate model.

So surely the question is how well these weather systems are represented by climate models.

This conclusion takes into account observational and forcing uncertainty, and the possibility that the response to solar forcing could be underestimated by climate models.

So one way of detecting such an influence is through long - term changes in mean conditions, preferably guided by climate model studies as to which variables and how they should change.

Making these assumptions gives a value for climate sensitivity consistent with that found by climate models.

Answers to this question will be delivered by climate models with high spatial and temporal resolution.

Why wasn't any unexpected warming / cooling reported by the climate models after 1945?

It just says that this effect should be considered by climate models.

When the correct adjustments to the data were applied the data matched much more closely the trends expected by climate models.

He is also interested in the internal variability of the climate system and how it is represented by climate models.

That «fingerprint» studies have proclaimed success at matching observed patterns of climate change with those projected by climate models run with anthropogenic atmospheric inputs — yet which omit black carbon — can only be a sign of overfitting.

That information is a new insight that will likely be used by the climate modeling community, including the scientists who contribute modeling expertise to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, said Lazaros Oreopoulos, a cloud and radiation budget researcher at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, who was not involved in the study.

Medieval warming in western North America is also suggested by climate model simulations from the ECHO - g atmosphere - ocean general circulation model (GCM)(59, 60) that indicates annual temperatures in the region in the 12th and early 13th centuries were about 0.5 °C warmer than the long - term average (Fig. 2C and SI Text).

In the next several decades, warming produced by climate model simulations indicates that sea level rise (SLR) could substantially exceed the rate experienced during modern human development along the California coast and estuaries.

It was interesting to read about the outcomes predicted by climate models for the year 2100 based on crucial decisions...

Finally, the statistical estimate for the transient climate response falls within the range of estimates generated by climate models run for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP)(26).

The continued declining trend in Arctic sea ice has been well forecast by climate models, something that can't be said at the other end of the planet.

Standard experiments, agreed upon by the climate modelling community to facilitate model intercomparison (see Section 8.1.2.2), have produced archives of model output that make it easier to track historical changes in model performance.

The size of this trend is consistent with theoretical predictions, is accurately reproduced by climate model simulations and, within the climate models, is largely due to anthropogenic forcing.»

Cartoon comparing (a) Fi, instantaneous forcing, (b) Fa, adjusted forcing, which allows stratospheric temperature to adjust, (c) Fg, fixed Tg forcing, which allows atmospheric temperature to adjust, (d) Fs, fixed SST forcing, which allows atmospheric temperature and land temperature to adjust, and (e) DTs, global surface air temperature calculated by the climate model in response to the climate forcing agent.»

The wind speeds and directions predicted by the climate model explain phenomena such as the dominance of the seas by the Iron Fleet, the likely attack plans of invading dragon hordes from Essos, and the trading routes between Westeros and the Free cities across the Narrow Sea.

The graphs show this century's rising global surface temperatures as simulated by climate models under different policy options.

The impact of the greenhouse gas CO2 on Earth's temperature is well established by climate models and temperature records over the past 100 years, as well as coupled records of carbon dioxide concentration and temperature throughout Earth history.

Wigley et al. (1997) pointed out that uncertainties in forcing and response made it impossible to use observed global temperature changes to constrain ECS more tightly than the range explored by climate models at the time (1.5 °C to 4.5 °C), and particularly the upper end of the range, a conclusion confirmed by subsequent studies.

Climate skeptics frequently argue that the values of climate sensitivity that are reported by the IPCC and displayed by climate models are too high.