We also control for teacher experience as well as for class and school characteristics, including class size and the academic performance and demographic
characteristics of all students in the relevant classroom and school.
As a result, simple comparisons of student outcomes in municipal, stand - alone, and network schools might give misleading estimates of the impact of schools on student achievement, even after adjusting for the measured
characteristics of the students who attend each type of school.
These systems can be used to target interventions based on profiles
of characteristics of students who fail academically and drop out of school, though at this point, relatively few states or districts have reports available to principals and teachers multiple times a year.
GAO's analysis of
characteristics of student loan debt using data from the Departments of Education (Education), Treasury, and the Social Security Administration (SSA) from fiscal years 2001 - 2015 showed that for older borrowers subject to offset for the first time, about 43 percent had held their student loans for 20 years or more.
While a fair amount of evidence suggests that value - added measures adequately adjust for differences in the
background characteristics of students in each teacher's classroom — much better than do most other measures — value - added measures are imprecise.
Admittedly, even though we controlled for student baseline scores and demographics, mean
characteristics of students at the classroom level, and teachers» prior value - added, we could be overstating effects of textbooks, if the schools using certain textbooks are systematically different in some unmeasured way.
Two
pronounced characteristics of our students are their ethnicity — 86 % of the UTEP population is of Mexican - American origin — and their lack of exposure to higher education — most are the first in their families to attend a university.
Though we do not have data on every aspect of teachers» working conditions, we do know
certain characteristics of their students that many believe affect the teaching conditions at a school: the percentage of low - income students at the school (as estimated by the percentage eligible for a subsidized lunch), the shares of students who are African - American or Hispanic, average student test scores, and class sizes.
Teachers may prefer to teach in schools where they share the
ethnic characteristics of students, or they may find it easier to obtain a position if administrators prefer instructors who have certain ethnic characteristics.
Especially noteworthy is the fact that data are available from the same student in two different subjects taken from two different teachers, which enables us to account for educationally
relevant characteristics of students that can not be ascertained by conventional background characteristics.
Because the students in charter schools are self - selected, however, this difference could be attributable to one or more unmeasured
characteristics of the students rather than to the fact that they are in a charter school.
CREDO controlled for the unique
characteristics of students enrolled in virtual charter schools by comparing their performance to a «virtual twin,» a student with the same demographic characteristics and similar prior achievement enrolled in a traditional public school.
The authors of the North Carolina study attempt to control for hard - to - measure
permanent characteristics of students who attend charters by estimating what is known as student «fixed effect» models, which involves measuring how student performance changes as students switch between the charter and traditional sectors.
Maybe that is why high school GPA is a better predictor of first - year college success and overall college persistence than the SAT when controlling for
wealth characteristics of the students (Atkinson & Geiser, 2009).
Teacher demand, teacher and principal characteristics, general conditions in schools, principals» and teachers» perceptions of school climate and problems in their schools, teacher compensation, district hiring and retention practices,
basic characteristics of the student population
The increased number of students with learning disabilities who are served in inclusive general education classrooms, combined with the
evolving characteristics of this student population, create a need to enhance the theoretically sound TPACK framework.
One of the
primary characteristics of students in the millennial culture is their comfort with and consistent use of technology on a daily basis (Parette, Huer, & Scherer, 2004; U.S. Department of Education, 2004).
Education scholar Richard Rothstein described their results: «No analyst has been able to attribute less than two - thirds of the variation in achievement among schools to the
family characteristics of their students.»