The results of
confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the two - factor model of the PNS - J fit better than the one - factor model, regardless of whether using items or parcels as indicators.
AMOS17.0 statistical software in the SEM theory was applied to
conduct confirmatory factor analysis for data, mainly for goodness of fit test of model to verify whether various variables had sufficient convergent validity or not.
Fit indices obtained through
Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated that the six - factor structure of the DERS fit the data adequately and that most items loaded strongly on their respective latent factor.
As shown in Table 2, the two - factor model (χ2 (8) = 10.44, p =.235, CFI =.992, TLI =.978, RMSEA =.035) fit the data better than the one - factor model (χ2 (2) = 8.44, p =.015, CFI =.967, TLI =.833, RMSEA =.115), as was also the case for
confirmatory factor analyses without parcels.
Correlations among variables are provided in Table I based on an
initial confirmatory factor analysis of a 5 - factor, correlated measurement model (χ2 = 550.35, df = 125, p <.01, RMSEA = 0.05, and CFI = 0.93).
Also focuses on scale development skills involving reliability and validity measures, as well
as confirmatory factor analysis, and issues of survey development and implementation.
In general, model fit indexes in
confirmatory factor analyses become worse as indicators of latent variables increase (Bandalos, 2002; Coffman & MacCallum, 2005; Gribbons & Hocevar, 1998; Little, Cunningham, Shahar, & Widaman, 2002; Marsh, Hau, Balla, & Grayson, 1998).
RESULTS: Exploratory factor analyses support a three - factor structure explaining 53.44 % of the variance and
confirmatory factor analyses validate that the measuring tool reflects three distinct factors, which are 1) compliance with safety rules and procedures, 2) participation and initiatives related to prevention, and 3) concern for social and physical environment.
Using data from the Durham Child Health and Development study (N = 178),
confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that CU items could be distinguished from Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant (ODD) items.
Structural analysis of the instrument,
including confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency and intra - and cross-scale correlations revealed somewhat variable psychometric properties.
Apart from generating findings on the internal consistency of the scales of positive youth development, life satisfaction, and problem behaviour, the present study further demonstrated the validity of these constructs
via confirmatory factor analyses.
In the second study,
confirmatory factor analysis replicated this factor structure as well as demonstrated that the reciprocity factors are distinct from each other and other social - exchange constructs.
Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the two - factor model of the PNS - J fit the data better than the one - factor model, as shown in the studies that validated the original PNS Scale.
Studies need to employ
multi-group confirmatory factor analyses and differential item functioning to test whether measurement models are equivalent across subgroups (e.g., gender) and whether individual items or scales are biased against certain subgroups.