Sentences with word «glial»

MIT neuroscientists have discovered that brain cells called glial cells play a critical role in controlling appetite and feeding behavior.

(2007) Activation of Glial Cells in a Latex Bead Rat Model of High Pressure Glaucoma (Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 48: ARVO E-Abstract 3282).

Some earlier studies had indicated that reactive astrocytes are necessary for recovery following brain or spinal cord injury despite astrocytes» association with the formation of glial scars.

When an axolotl suffers a spinal cord injury, nearby cells called glial cells kick into high gear, proliferating rapidly and repositioning themselves to rebuild the connections between nerves and reconnect the injured spinal cord.

The cover image was created using images of neural rosettes derived from human iPSCs with and without a 15q11.2 microdeletion (round circles) and images of radial glial cells in the developing mouse cortex (thin filaments), and it is inspired by July 4th fireworks.

Differential expression of interferon - g receptor on human glial cells in vivo and in vitro.

We show that subpopulations of human astrocytes, generated by activation of different signaling pathways in the same population of human glial precursor cells, have markedly different effects when transplanted into the injured spinal cord.

My laboratory studies the molecular mechanisms underlying the enhanced vulnerability of oligodendrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, including the age - related impairment of oligodendrocyte regeneration from glial progenitors.

«More importantly, a retrovirus can infect only dividing cells such as reactive glial cells, but it does not affect neurons, which makes it ideal for therapeutic use with minimal side effect on normal brain functions.»

The researchers report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA that rats lost interest in alcoholic beverages within 10 minutes of being injected with the protein known as glial cell line — derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF).

Besides decreased corneal nerve fiber density, rapid SIV progressors had increased levels of SIV RNA, CD68 - positive macrophages, and GFAP expression by glial satellite cells in the trigeminal ganglia, the location of the neuronal cell bodies of corneal sensory nerve fibers.

The enhanced mice masterfully memorized new objects, swiftly learned to link certain sounds or situations to an unpleasant foot shock, and displayed un-usually savvy maze navigation — signs of mental acuity that surpassed skills exhibited by either typical mice or mice transplanted with glial progenitor cells from their own species.

Neuroimmune mechanisms in murine AIDS viral infection induced peripheral neuropathy - roles of CGRP on glial responses upon infection.

I'm particularly concerned about withholding salt from children because you need salt to form glial cells in your brain.

In 2001, researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shanghai reported that chronic morphine administration in rats activated glial cells called astrocytes in the spinal cord.

Mice treated with the proteins had markers of healthy glial function that were missing in the untreated Down's mice.

Project: Purinergic Signaling of Neuroinflammatory Glial Responses in a Model of Optic Nerve Damage

Evaluation of the dorsal root ganglia showed inflammation with neurodegeneration, along with significant apoptosis of neuronal and satellite glial cells (which surround sensory neurons), in all infected animals with the exception of those treated with dexamethasone.

It is Neuroscience 101 that neurons pass on electrochemical messages at communication sites called synapses, but it is less well appreciated that the vast majority of synapses are «tripartite,» consisting not just of a neuron sending a message and one receiving it, but also, nestled alongside each synapse, a star - shaped glial cell called an astrocyte.

In addition, Berger's team has identified two surface proteins located on the neural stem cells and the surrounding niche glial cells that are responsible for the interactions between these cells.

There are many more glial cells in the brain than neurons, and astrocytes are the most abundant of the glia, so if you take a sample of brain tissue, you're fairly sure to get some astrocytes as part of the bargain.

Watkins» work with glia, for example, has indicated that long - term opioid therapy may have an effect similar to that of chronic inflammation, causing glial cells to release an excess of cytokines that actually reduce the drug's effectiveness in blocking pain.

This close - up of the cells involved reveals supporting glial cells (shown in red) are first to cross the gap between the severed ends.

This demonstrates a potentially crucial role for brain glial cells in mediating a fundamental physiological reflex.

The human brain has been called the most complex object in the cosmos, with 86 billion intricately interconnected neurons and an equivalent number of supportive glial cells.

GFAP, a class - III intermediate filament, is a cell - specific marker that, during the development of the central nervous system, distinguishes astrocytes from other glial cells.

In the healthy brain, stem cell - like glial progenitors can divide, migrate to an injured site, and become mature oligodendrocytes after myelin loss, but, unfortunately, the efficiency of remyelination declines with age.

The first signal of pain would send glial sends into an alert mode, preparing them for more action.

Finally we aim at identifying phenotype specific transcriptional targets of mutant HTT (mut - HTT) or HTT loss of function in relevant neuronal / glial populations.

Mechanistically, Lkb1 loss led to an increase of alanine and glutamate levels and inhibition of pyruvate - alanine transamination rescued glial differentiation of Lkb1 - null NCC, in a mTOR dependent manner.

Cao (PI for Sub-project 1): Interaction between calcitonin gene - related peptide and CD40 on CNS glial cells in neuropathic pain.

Although the human cells became glial cells (the brain's scaffolding) and not neurons, the mice unexpectedly became four times as smart as regular mice, as measured by how well they ran mazes and other tests.

He will study how glial cells recognize and digest dead cells from a brain tumor.

Although glial activation may have short - term benefits, there is consensus that in the long - term, these cells may contribute to the pathology of damaged neurons in glaucoma.

Supporting this idea, she found that mirror pain in rats vanished when glial cells were inactivated.

Pathway analyses implicate glial cells in schizophrenia.

The new drug produced far less tolerance than morphine and did not produce spinal glial cell activation, an inflammatory effect of morphine known to contribute to tolerance.

The team used a designer drug technology known as DREADD to selectively turn off targeted glial cells, something that has not been done before, said Grace.

Surprisingly, healthy glial cells made HD model mice less sick, suggesting these cells are more important that we previously thought.

«For 20 years, we have been applying technologies to prevent glial scarring in hopes of promoting nerve fiber regeneration, repair and recovery, but never observed a positive effect,» said Sofroniew, a professor of neurobiology at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.

This is because, after injury, spinal nerve fibers do not regrow past such glial scars and appeared to be «stalled» within them.