Sentences with phrase «ocean volume»

Even very small changes in ocean volume add up to a lot of sea level rise.

Consider that oceans surface water is a tiny part of the complete ocean volume.

These estimates were made based on the various contributors to sea level rise: thermal expansion of ocean volume as a result of warming, the melting of glaciers and Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, changing ocean dynamics such as the slowing of the Gulf Stream, and vertical land movement.

Based on the linear trend, for the 0 to 3,000 m layer for the period 1961 to 2003 there has been an increase of ocean heat content of approximately 14.2 ± 2.4 × 1022 J, corresponding to a global ocean volume mean temperature increase of 0.037 °C during this period.

We use realistic estimates of mass redistribution from ice mass loss and land water storage to quantify the resulting ocean bottom deformation and its effect on global and regional ocean volume change estimates.

The entire ocean volume circulates through hydrothermal vents about every 40 million years.

Based on the linear trend, for the 0 to 3,000 m layer for the period 1961 to 2003 there has been an increase of ocean heat content of approximately 14.2 ± 2.4 × 1022 J, corresponding to a global ocean volume mean temperature increase of 0.037 °C during this period.

The former redistributes ocean volume within the basins, while the latter alters Earth's gravitational field and rate of rotation enough to change the distribution of ocean mass around the surface of the Earth.

Shum, C. K., A. Cazenave, D. Chambers, V. Gouretski, R. Gross, C. Hughes, S. Jayne, C. Kuo, E. Leuliette, N. Maximenko, J. Morison, H. Plag, S. Levitus, M. Rothacher, R. Rummel, J. Schroter, M. Sideris, T. Song, J. Willis, and P. Woodworth, 2010: Geodetic observations of ocean surface topography, ocean currents, ocean mass, and ocean volume changes.

«Nevertheless, the ocean layers above 700 m and 2,000 m represent only 20 % and 50 %, respectively, of the total ocean volume.»

Using a combination of GRACE gravity data that measured changes in ocean mass, altimetry data that measured changes in ocean volume and Argo data that measured heat content, Cazenave (2008) used 2 different methods and both estimated the contribution from increased ocean heat to be about 0.3 to 0.37 mm / year.

Ocean volume is a significant factor in sea - level change, Horton said.

But an upshot is that the land around Earth's equator, farthest from both ice sheets, is poised to receive the land - ice — sea - level double - punch: Increasing ocean volume and weakening high latitude gravity.

Were a TOA imbalance of 0.5 W / m2 to persist for 100 years and be evenly distributed throughout the ocean volume it would result in an SST increase of only 0.2 C.

Cazenave, A., D. P. Chambers, P. Cipollini, L. L. Fu, J. W. Hurell, M. Merrifield, R. S. Nerem, H. P. Plag, C. K. Shum, and J. Willis, 2010: The challenge of measuring sea level rise and regional and global trends, Geodetic observations of ocean surface topography, ocean currents, ocean mass, and ocean volume changes.

It appears that ocean volume has actually contracted slightly.

steven, in round numbers, you need 1 W / m2 sustained over the past century to account for how much the ocean volume has warmed.

«Although these regions represent only a fraction of the ocean volume, the changing rate of ocean heat content is faster here, and real - time data and more research are needed to quantify and understand what is happening,» Yan said.

This is a historical artifact dating back to the models» formation, when scientists did not envision the need to change ocean volume.

With overturning taken into account, more than two fifths of the ocean volume becomes a dead zone.

The 2010 sea level decline resulted from a major transfers of ocean volume to the land in the form rain as a result of a strong La Nina event.

Dr. Lambeck's team used the Roman fish tanks to reach the conclusion that global ocean volume had not changed much from the Roman era to the 19th century.

The Argo array of robotic floats has revolutionized oceanography since it started in 2000, but these floats only sample the upper half of the ocean volume.

Enhanced nutrient levels thus increased ocean production in the surface and oxygen consumption in the deep ocean, causing ~ 50 % and at least 40 % of the ocean volume to become dysoxic / anoxic during OAE 1a and OAE 2 respectively.