And many higher education groups have collected large amounts of evidence on the educational benefits of diversity in support
of affirmative action policies.
On the other hand, there are those who challenge the legitimacy of having higher education institutions take active measures to ensure campus racial diversity, including through the
use of affirmative action.
The
issues of affirmative action and its opposition is not just about admission, it's about the type of educational institutions and the culture that we create in them.
What happens when students don't understand that the
purpose of affirmative action isn't only to create a diverse environment, but also to support people of color?
Based on this research, it's hard to imagine how anyone can continue to defend the
use of affirmative action to lower standards for students from minority groups.
Garces was honored for her article, «Understanding the
Impact of Affirmative Action Bans in Different Graduate Fields of Study,» which she published in the American Educational Research Journal in April 2013.
While spending his career primarily working as lead trial attorney in personal injury trials, he is proud to have handled one case which resulted in the adoption
of an affirmative action plan by a Florida law enforcement agency, and another lawsuit which led to industry changes throughout the U.S. in child safety practices, and yet another that resulted in the largest commercial jury verdict in the State of Florida at the time.
But in the early 1970s many universities circumvented the original spirit
of affirmative action by recruiting African American students from more affluent backgrounds and those who had attended majority - white high schools.
Previously, Shaw's research has contributed to the understanding of the effects
of affirmative action laws — in particular, race - conscious admissions policies — on achievement for black students.
Yet deciding what it means to act justly in particular situations (whether it's a
case of affirmative action or the huge global inequalities in living standards) is highly controversial.
From the representations of other B.R.O.T.H.E.R.H.O.O.D. members like Smart Brother (Gary Anthony Williams) and Conspiracy Brother (Dave Chappelle) to the white intern Lance (Neil Patrick Harris) who was hired
because of affirmative action, the script by John Ridley and Michael McCullers and based on an internet cartoon series by Ridley is fearless when it comes to walking all over PC barriers.
All aspects of employment including recruitment, selection, hiring, training, transfer, promotion, termination, compensation, and benefits conform to this policy in order to further the principles of equal employment opportunity and the
spirit of affirmative action.
(14) Although Reagan largely tried to ignore the disparagements made by antidiscrimination groups, he eventually was forced to abandon modifying the hotly contested
topic of affirmative action in order to avoid more political backlash.
According to this article (9/19/07), the California Bar denied Sander's request for the data this past June, asserting that bar applicants provided data on race believing that it would be used for studies related to the exam and not on broader studies concerning the impact
of affirmative action on minority lawyers.
In his doctoral qualifying paper, Shaw found that the
effects of affirmative action bans in Southern states with a history of state - sponsored segregation are not limited to more exclusive academic institutions.
The complaint says, among other things, that at the invitation of the Black Law Students Association, Professor Peltz took part in a legitimate academic debate in which he questioned the constitutionality and
effectiveness of affirmative action.
In a 7 — 1 ruling (PDF), the U.S. Supreme Court called for stricter scrutiny
of affirmative action admissions procedures in higher education but did not eliminate the use of such considerations in admissions decisions.
His executive orders have targeted immigration, while his Justice Department started a
review of affirmative action in colleges and joined a suit to halt the spread of gay rights in the workplace.
This is the careful thesis put forth by writer, poet and doctoral researcher Clint Smith, who suggests that the only smart way to fully understand the
power of affirmative action is to look at the decades long, ugly history of entitlement programs — housing, education, for veterans, etc. — that were designed to benefit exclusively white people.
The Supreme Court has refined the
rules of affirmative action over the years, and this case gives the opportunity for it to do that again.
Jason Riley challenges the
value of affirmative action and liberal social reform precisely 50 years after their birth as part of the «Great Society» conceived by President Lyndon B. Johnson's administration in 1964 and 1965.
The George W. Bush appointee isn't merely an outspoken critic
of affirmative action today — he was among the most hostile questioners in Fisher and a virtual lock to vote against Texas» admissions policy — but also was part of a conservative alumni group at Princeton that was sharply critical of such policies 40 years ago, when Sotomayor was attending classes there.
Here's another brief passage from the book that tracks the
story of affirmative action in America — and, for that matter, of the larger political divide in America.
I have also written critically of blacks» continued reliance on civil - rights - era protest and legal strategies, and of the
propagation of affirmative action throughout our employment and educational institutions.
If a policy
of affirmative action violates white people's rights to equal treatment but produces beneficial results for the world in the long run, such as increasing the number of black doctors and lawyers or reducing poverty on Indian reservations, then there's no reason to worry about rights.
Yale Law Professor Stephen L. Carter's first book,
Reflections of an Affirmative Action Baby, opened with the arresting observation that «To be black and an intellectual in America is to live in a box.»