Two independent teams have found what may be the first direct evidence
of water ice on the surface of an asteroid.
Suppose I have one gram
of water ice at 0 C adjacent to one liter of water at nearly 100 C.
In the giant planets, it is in vapor form; the interiors of their moons may consist
largely of water ice.
The moon is thought to have a metallic core surrounded by a rocky interior, and then a global ocean on top of that, surrounded by a
shell of water ice.
The big question that planetary scientists hope will be answered is: are there significant
quantities of water ice on the moon?
The dwarf planet appears to have a thin and dusty dark crust that covers a thicker
mantle of water ice and a rocky core.
The finding provides insight into how radiation can change the
chemistry of water ice throughout the solar system.
The
components of water ice — hydrogen and oxygen atoms — have been around for much of the universe's history, but of course it's not water till they're combined.
But these bodies aren't filled with the regular
kind of water ice that you avoid on the sidewalk in winter.
In the absence of an external atmospheric pressure, the
warming of water ice transforms it into directly into gas phase rather than liquid.
Compositional data also show that the surface of Piri Planitia is more enriched in water ice (shown in false colour as blue) than the higher plateaus, which may indicate that Piri Planitia's surface is
made of water ice bedrock, just beneath a layer of retreating methane ice.
Other papers in the package also touch on the
presence of water ice on Ceres, which had already been reported by the Dawn team and by astronomers observing the dwarf planet from afar.
At sites across the midsection of Mars, scientists have found
layers of water ice buried mere feet beneath the red planet's surface.
Saturn's dazzling ring system consists of innumerable small, frozen chunks, composed
mostly of water ice.
Among the many discoveries on matter at high pressure that garnered him the Nobel Prize in 1946, scientist Percy Bridgman discovered five different crystalline
forms of water ice, ushering in more than 100 years of research into how ice behaves under extreme conditions.
At an American Astronomical Society meeting in Puerto Rico last week, Humberto Campins of the University of Central Florida in Orlando and colleagues reported finding
signs of water ice in the infrared spectrum of asteroid 24 Themis.
There is also some unconfirmed evidence of recent volcanism on Mercury, and radar observations of Mercury's north pole show
evidence of water ice in the protected shadows of some craters.
Interior Astronomers hoped the probe would confirm that comets fit the popular model of a «dirty snowball»: an icy core made up of a solid
mix of water ice, dirt, and frozen gases like carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, coated with a thin crust of debris.
«We detected strong indications of the
sublimation of water ice due to the increased solar heating — similar to how the tail of a comet is created,» explains Jessica Agarwal (Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Germany), the team leader and main author of the research paper.
Odyssey's Gamma - Ray Spectrometer mapped out the spread
of water ice under the Martian surface.
«While cold traps may provide surface deposits
of water ice as have been seen at the moon and Mercury, Ceres may have been formed with a relatively greater reservoir of water,» said Chris Russell, principal investigator of the Dawn mission, based at the University of California, Los Angeles.
By Michael Greshko National Geographic, 01.11.18 At sites across the midsection of Mars, scientists have found layers
of water ice buried mere feet beneath the red planet's... Read More
Completed in 1980 but operational before then, the VLA was behind the
discoveries of water ice on Mercury; the complex region surrounding Sagittarius A *, the black hole at the core of the Milky Way galaxy; and it helped astronomers identify a distant galaxy already pumping out stars less than a billion years after the big bang.
The density of the mammoth main - belt asteroid Ceres suggests it contains a large
amount of water ice, but no clear - cut sign of ice has been found on its surface.
Most of the images from Rosetta have been in black & white, so these colour ones are a nice change and show incredible detail, including
patches of water ice on the rocky surface.
Now new data from NASA's MESSENGER satellite, which were presented in March at the annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, corroborate a long - held hypothesis that Mercury has squirreled away
pockets of water ice in those shadowy craters, despite the sun's proximity.
He says the volcanoes themselves are probably made
out of water ice, since nitrogen and methane ices are too soft to support such a heavy, tall feature.
A newly released image of Pluto reveals what appear to be massive
hills of water ice embedded in frozen flows of nitrogen — icebergs, if you will, that apparently broke away from larger masses of ice in the rugged highlands nearby.
As it neared its end, Cassini also made close study of Saturn's rings, which are largely made
up of water ice — including, for the first time, the capture of a few stray, submicron particles.
On the left is al - Idrisi Montes, mountainous highlands thought composed primarily of
blocks of water ice.
They appear orange in this image against the greenish backdrop of Titan's typical
bedrock of water ice.
Well, almost encloses: Enceladus sprays
geysers of water ice out into space, some of which settles back down to the moon's surface in the form of snow, making it the most reflective planetary object in the solar system.
New images taken by the ESA's Mars Express orbiter have provided a fresh look at a region believed to be hiding large
volumes of water ice just beneath the surface.
«Our data are consistent with the presence
of water ice across a significant number of craters,» said William C. Feldman, co-investigator and spectrometer specialist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.
The Mars lander touched down on May 25, 2008 and dug through Martian soil to confirm the presence
of water ice beneath the surface.
But Mars has a CO2 atmosphere, and
plenty of water ice, that gives you CO2 and H2O, you can therefore make CH4 and O2 using the Sabatier process.
The company grew and Sam soon became known as «The
King of Water Ice,» having his popular ices sold from horse drawn wagons throughout the city and at the New Jersey shore.
That's the thinking behind Rosati Ice's 2 quart Party Pail, the largest
container of water ice available to consumers at retail this summer, according to Rich Trotter, the man who created it.