Sentences with phrase «surface observations»

As illustrated below, values are least reliable where surface observations are sparse and the background model forecasts of related variables such as precipitation are biased.

It's a great way to explore how surface observations are misleading.

While land surface observations go back hundreds of years in a few places, data of sufficient coverage for estimating global temperature have been available only since the end of the 19th century.

Surface observations made at weather stations and onboard ships, dating back over a century, provide the longest available records of cloud cover changes.

Krill density was measured within 100 s of meters from the tagged whale (confirmed by surface observations and radio tracking).

In the USA the forced ventilation shields have been introduced in the whole NOAA surface observation network (maybe in the 1960's?).

In a team meeting that day, his colleagues surfaced observations on the students» learning process, and he realized that too often he responded to students» calls for help on problems by providing the answer.

Estimations for the amount of snow from satellite and surface observations improve flow rate predictions in water systems

El Niño and La Niña years are also evident in surface observations for the tropical belt (Figure 2.4), but they do not show up as clearly in the global - mean time series (Figure 2.3).

Instead of just performing a statistical analysis of the weather station and sea surface observations, the reanalysis attempts to construct a complete model of the state of the Earth's atmosphere at any point in time.

Some missing values and errors in the temperature and precipitation tables were filled using correlations with the station at Lewistown, MT and the first - order automated surface observation station (ASOS) at the Helena, MT airport (Additional file 1).

To confirm the identifications, the researchers now need to compare their computer - generated categories against surface observations of these dolphins, Frasier says.

Lurking beneath the close surface observation is the implication that their behavior and strategies have perfectly positioned them to take over from the fallen leaders of Enronism.

I've already clearly explained above that one can not diagnose the «AMO» signal directly from the observational record because any attempt to do from actual surface observations suffers from the trend contamination problem.

Even though surface observations still fall within the model range, they were getting toward the lower end and that led to interesting work like Kosaka & Xie (2013) and England et al. (2014).

As I understand it, they BEST authors were going to integrate Watts» surface observation bias studies into their study.

Jacob co-authored a separate study based on satellite data and surface observations last month in the academic journal Geophysical Research Letters.

Karspeck et al. (2015) examines the mean and variability of the AMOC as represented in six ocean reanalysis products over the period 1960 - 2007, with particular focus on multi-decadal trends and interannual variability at 26.5 ° N and 45 ° N. Ocean reanalysis products, developed independently at modeling centers around the world, use historical surface observations and subsurface ocean hydrography to constrain the solution of ocean general circulation models.

They combined the cloud data with a computer re-creation of Earth's air currents for the same period driven by multiple surface observations and satellite data sets.

Would anyone argue to ignore the satellite data for spotty surface observations?

Hahn, C.J., W.B. Rossow, and S.G. Warren, 2001: ISCCP cloud properties associated with standard cloud types identified in individual surface observations.

To expand the coverage of global gridded reanalyses, the 20th Century Reanalysis Project is an effort led by PSD and the CIRES at the University of Colorado to produce a reanalysis dataset spanning the entire twentieth century, assimilating only surface observations of synoptic pressure, monthly sea surface temperature and sea ice distribution.

The goal of the «Forts Project» was to image and key surface observations from the 19th century, primarily 1820 — 1892.

I calculate closer density weighted temperatures between Arctic and temperate upper air stations, while there may be 25 — 30 C difference between temperate and Arctic surface observations, the DWT temperatures are often less than 10 degrees apart.

«BAECC was the first experiment where multifrequency cloud and precipitation radar observations were combined with comprehensive surface observations of falling snow microphysics,» says Moisseev.

There are of course surface observations of decadal cloud changes in the Pacific north east and south east and satellite observations of tropical radiative flux showing decadal cloud change.

The clear surface observations from over 600,000 images were analyzed using Google Earth Engine, a cloud platform for earth observation and data analysis, to determine per pixel tree cover using a supervised learning algorithm.

To address those and other questions, the TOAR research team has produced the first - ever global - scale scientific assessment of tropospheric ozone, based on all available surface observations and the peer - reviewed literature.

Chen, Y. - H., J.A. Francis, and J.R. Miller, 2002: Surface temperature of the Arctic: Comparison of TOVS satellite retrievals with surface observations.

After a general trashing of various things including surface observations and climate models, he admitted that his prediction for the globally - averaged warming (of ~ 1.5 C by 2100) is within the IPCC range... albeit at the low end.

Schimel's research team is assimilating new observational tools using satellites, networked surface observation stations, and aircraft sampling with the National Center for Atmospheric Research's Community Land Model.

Estimations for the amount of snow from satellite and surface observations improve flow rate predictions in water systems

Mr Hassan said the simulations were guided by surface observations — similar to meteorologists applying past measurements to predict the weather.