Human fibroblasts refer to a type of cells found in our body that produce connective tissues like skin and tendons. They help in repairing wounds and maintaining the structure of our tissues.
Full definition
Additionally, proline has been found to increase collagen synthesis
in human fibroblast cells together with its precursors, glutamate and pyrroline -5-carboxylate2.
But initial experiments
on human fibroblasts from three sources — fetal heart cells, embryonic stem cells and neonatal skin cells — revealed that the GMT combination alone was not sufficient.
W. Hu et al., «Direct conversion of normal and Alzheimer's disease
human fibroblasts into neuronal cells by small molecules,» Cell Stem Cell, doi: 10.1016 / j.stem.2015.07.006, 2015.
Using human colon cancer cells and
primary human fibroblasts isolated from tumors and adjacent normal tissues, Alexandros Glentis and colleagues at the Institut Curie addressed the question of whether the cancer cells or the CAF cells were responsible for the breakdown of the basement membrane that leads to cancer progression.
Pluripotent stem cells can be generated from adult mouse - tail tip fibroblasts and adult
human fibroblasts by the retrovirus - mediated transfection of four transcription factors, Oct3 / 4, Sox2, c - Myc, and Klf4.
Normal human fibroblasts undergo only a limited number of divisions in culture and eventually enter a nonreplicative state designated senescence or mortality stage 1 (M1).
Citation: Li C, Yu H, Ma Y, Shi G, Jiang J, Gu J, et al. (2009) Germline - Competent Mouse - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Generated on
Human Fibroblasts without Exogenous Leukemia Inhibitory Factor.
The authors addressed this point by adapting the protocol to
use human fibroblasts as their starting material and successfully produced human iCS which could differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro.
In studies
with human fibroblasts that make up connective tissue, Boger's team tested whether NOD1 activity could affect CMV replication in cultures of cells grown in the lab.
In their study, published alongside Deng's in Cell Stem Cell, the researchers
converted human fibroblasts to neurons using a combination of seven molecules applied to the cells for one week, followed by a three - week maturation period in a medium containing two of the reprogramming molecules and one other molecule.
His research is focused on retinal regeneration by
reprogramming human fibroblasts either into induced pluripotent stem cells or directly into photoreceptors.
Hamlyn, working with Richard Schmidt of the School of Pharmacy at the University of Wales in Cardiff,
exposed human fibroblast cells to six fungi strains.
Now Yamanaka and his colleagues report in the journal Cell that the same combination of genes induced pluripotency in commercially
available human fibroblasts (connective tissue cells that play a crucial role in healing) derived from the facial skin of a 36 - year - old woman, the joint tissue of a man, aged 69, and a newborn, respectively.
They have already shown that they can
transform human fibroblast cells into pluripotent stem cells, and now plan to start working on delivering the proteins needed to differentiate stem cells into specialized tissues.
The conventional hESC medium contained 80 % (vol / vol) KnockOut Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) and 20 % (vol / vol) KnockOut serum replacement supplemented with 2 mM Glutamax, 0.1 mM β - mercaptoethanol, 0.1 mM MEM non-essential amino acids (Cambrex Bio Science, Walkersville, Inc., Walkersville, MD), 50 U / ml penicillin - 50 μg / ml streptomycin (Cambrex Bio Science) and 8 ng / ml
recombinant human fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN).
Replication of Toxoplasma gondii, but Not Trypanosoma cruzi, Is Regulated in
Human Fibroblasts Activated with Gamma Interferon: Requirement of a Functional JAK / STAT Pathway
Greco RM, et al., «Hyaluronic acid
stimulates human fibroblast proliferation within a collagen matrix,» J Cell Physiol 177 (3): 465 - 73 (1998).
Researchers led by Ned A. Porter at Vanderbilt University tested the drugs
on human fibroblasts and observed significant, dose - dependent increases in 7 - DHC levels.
Oct4, Sox2, c - Myc, and Klf4 were the four original factors that were capable of converting mouse and
human fibroblasts into iPs cells [1], [3], [5], [11], [12].
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been generated from mouse and
human fibroblasts by the retroviral transduction of four transcription factors.
Using the same recipes of transcription factors, the team was able to convert
adult human fibroblasts, which are harder to reprogram, into DRG neurons.
The «target» cells on the other side of the BeWo barrier to the nanoparticles were
human fibroblast cells, found in skin and connective tissue.
A three dimensional collagen lattice ctivates NF - kB
in human fibroblasts: role in integrin a2 gene expression and tissue remodeling.
It has recently been demonstrated that mouse and
human fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into an embryonic stem cell - like state by introducing combinations of four transcription factors.
Pfisterer U., Kirkeby A., Torper O., Wood J., Nelander J., Dufour A., Björklund A., Lindvall O., Jakobsson J., Parmar M. Direct conversion of
human fibroblasts to dopaminergic neurons
Pfisterer U, Wood J, Nihlberg K, Hallgren O, Bjermer L, Westergren - Thorsson G, Lindvall O, Parmar M.Efficient induction of functional neurons from adult human fibroblasts
In a further test that would more accurately reflect such constructs» ability to function under physiologic conditions, HeLa cells and
human fibroblasts were transfected with constructs for mtRNA for (respectively) mouse and human cytochrome c oxidase 2 (COX2), under control of the physiological promoter for the RP gene, and with or without the RP import sequence appended to their 5 ′ terminus.
Takahashi, K., Tanabe, K., Ohnuki, M., Narita, M., Ichisaka, T., Tomoda, K., and Yamanaka, S. Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Adult
Human Fibroblasts.