And air temperatures over exposed land surfaces should warm differently than air
temperatures over sea ice, especially when open ocean separates them.
Starting next week, NASA's Operation IceBridge, an airborne survey of polar ice, will be carrying science
flights over sea ice in the Arctic, to help validate satellite readings and provide insight into the impact of the summer melt season on land and sea ice.
But there is also no
extrapolation over sea ice as far as I can tell, so that omission could also lead to an underestimate of recent Arctic warming.
It's hard to imagine how Cowtan and Way could determine with any degree of certainty how «the hybrid method works best over land and most importantly sea ice» when there is so little surface air temperature
data over sea ice.
Over the Arctic Ocean and neighboring seas conventional temperature obser vations are often of uncertain quality, however, owing to logistical obstacles in making
measurements over sea ice in harsh environmental conditions.
A polar bear
walks over sea ice floating in the Victoria Strait in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in July 2017.
Over the sea ice field the observations include: sea ice freeboard height and hence sea ice thickness from radar altimetry; sea ice surface temperature and sea ice drift from respectively infrared radiometer and imaging spectrometer under cloud free conditions.
At any rate, since the Antarctic sea ice extent doesn't seem to be declining, the public
concern over sea ice seems to be confined to the Arctic.
To a large extent the probability forecasts in Figure 11 resemble the surface air temperature anomaly of the last two months in Figure 7 in the high latitudes, illustrating the persistence of weak climate
anomalies over the sea ice and ocean covered regions throughout the summer months.
Temperatures increased on average by almost one and a quarter (1.22) degrees Celsius (C) per
decade over sea ice in the Arctic summer.
Starting next week, NASA's Operation IceBridge, an airborne survey of polar ice, will be carrying science
flights over sea ice in the Arctic, to help validate satellite readings and provide insight into the impact of the summer melt season on land and sea ice.
What the image shows: Clouds
swirl over sea ice, glaciers, and green vegetation in the Northern Hemisphere, as seen on a spring day from an angle of 70 degrees North, 60 degrees East.
I was very fortunate to be able to attend this meeting, and talking to the experts there was critical to understanding the behaviour of air
temperatures over sea ice - this led to section 5 in the paper and our more recent update.
The air
over sea ice is generally cold, and when you remove that ice, the air masses above warm considerably.