Sentences with phrase «by volcanic eruptions»

But even earlier readings can provide a record of natural climate variation caused by volcanic eruptions or cycles in ocean circulation.

It is believed to have been formed 30,000 years ago by a volcanic eruption.

It's well known that particles thrown into the atmosphere by volcanic eruptions cause a global cooling effect by reflecting back sunlight.

These gems, brought to the surface by volcanic eruptions, were uncovered in five ancient continents by researchers over the course of more than 30 years.

A synthesis of surface - temperature reconstructions shows ocean surface cooling from ad 1 to 1800, with much of the trend from 800 to 1800 driven by volcanic eruptions.

You picked a time period (1980 - 1987) where the beginning was influenced by the volcanic eruption of El Chichon in 1981.

Created by volcanic eruptions over 30 million years ago, Cape Hillsborough was named by Captain Cook in 1770 and forms parts of the traditional home of the Aboriginal Juipera people.

Hawaii, the chain of islands formed by volcanic eruptions thousands of years ago, was the last state to enter the Union in 1959.

In years influenced by volcanic eruptions, Nile flooding was generally diminished, leading to social stress that could trigger unrest and have other political and economic consequences,» says Joseph Manning, lead author on the paper and the William K. & Marilyn Milton Simpson Professor of History and Classics at Yale.

The biggest mass extinction, or Great Dying, was triggered by a volcanic eruption in Siberia 250 million years ago.

They survived genocide and war, only to have some of their homes destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mount Nyiragongo in early 2002.

Ancient Egyptian uprisings triggered by volcanic eruptions Chemistry World - November 8, 2017 New evidence that changes in atmospheric chemistry caused Multi-disciplinary scientific research reports, prepared during last three - four decades by making use of such scientific tools and techniques, were used

«I had done some work modeling aerosols produced by volcanic eruptions for other projects, so I started looking into how we might detect an eruption and what it would tell us.»

It is difficult to digitise the Figure 8.18 values for years affected by volcanic eruptions, so I have also adjusted the widely - used RCP4.5 forcings dataset to reflect the Section 7.5.3 observational estimate of current aerosol forcing, using Figure 8.18 and Table 8.7 data to update the projected RCP4.5 forcings for 2007 — 2011 where appropriate.

One of the largest colonies of gentoo penguins in Antarctica was decimated by volcanic eruptions several times during the last 7,000 years according to a new study.

Comment on «Climate forcing by the volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo» by David H. Douglass and Robert S. Knox: A. Robock GRL Vol 32

Lake Taupo was created nearly two thousand years ago by a volcanic eruption so big it darkened the skies in Europe and China.

Frozen in time by the volcanic eruption of Vesuvius, it is one of the best preserved ancient Roman sites.

As if having a tsunami that has killed 272 people and left over 400 missing wasn't bad enough: 25 people have been confirmed dead by a volcanic eruption on another Indonesian island.

The Giant's Causeway, located on the County Antrim coast in Northern Ireland, includes spectacular basalt columns which were formed by volcanic eruptions up to 60 million years ago.

Rock fragments belched up by volcanic eruptions suggest that the rigid rock of the continents extends about 175 kilometers underground, where it sits atop slightly runnier material in Earth's mantle.

Flo and her species lived on Flores from about 90,000 years ago until about 14,000 years ago, when they were wiped out — perhaps by a volcanic eruption, or perhaps by competition with modern humans.

Jones had the lightbulb moment for this idea when colleagues, including co-author Kevin Mahan, were describing xenoliths (pieces of crust ejected by volcanic eruptions) from across Wyoming and Montana.

A natural global warming event that took place 56 million years ago was triggered almost entirely by volcanic eruptions that occurred as Greenland separated from Europe during the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean, according to an international team of researchers that includes Andy Ridgwell, a University of California, Riverside professor of earth sciences.

Meanwhile, hydrogen sulfide, which would have been released in huge amounts by volcanic eruptions, would have mostly stayed in the atmosphere, as the molecule is relatively insoluble in water, and therefore would not have had regular opportunities to interact with hydrogen cyanide.

«Satellite data could help reduce flights sidelined by volcanic eruptions.»

Carbon dioxide belched out by volcanic eruptions during the Permian period could have caused the oceans» chemistry to change.

Time Safari is anxious to avoid disrupting the flow of history, however, and the allosaur being hunted (it's the same one each time) was chosen because it was about to be killed by a volcanic eruption anyway.

Along with Santa Barbara Island, Anacapa was formed by volcanic eruptions between 19 and 15 million years ago.

Straddling the equator 1,000 km west of mainland Ecuador, the Galápagos Islands were pushed up out of the Pacific by volcanic eruptions around five million years ago; the younger islands remain very active.

Uprising will also deliver four new maps which include, «Magma» which is based on a Japanese village surround by volcanic eruptions.

There is a secular warming trend at least since 1800 (and possibly as long as 400 years), that can not be explained by CO2, and is only partly explained by volcanic eruptions.

ABSTRACT From 1950 to 1987 a strong relationship existed between the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and HadCRUT4 global average temperature anomaly, interrupted occasionally by volcanic eruptions.

In contrast, the aerosols ejected into the atmosphere by volcanic eruptions decreased markedly during most of the twentieth century, compared to conditions in the century preceding (Fig. 3b), as a result of a presumably random drop in the long - term average of volcanic activity.

Diamond Head is the edge of a crater created by a volcanic eruption 300,000 years ago.

W. H. Bramble Airport, named for William Henry Bramble, chief minister of Montserrat, was the only way of flying to and from the Caribbean island until it was destroyed by a volcanic eruption in 1997.

The extinction at the end of the Permian is thought to have been caused by volcanic eruptions in Siberia over hundreds of thousands if not a million years that produced what are known today as the Siberian Traps: lava fields covering much of northern Russia and originally encompassing nearly 3 million square miles with an average thickness of about 1,000 feet.

The only exceptions are the footprints that were discovered in the 1970s at Laetoli (in Tanzania) on a cemented ash layer produced by a volcanic eruption.

It was created nearly two thousand years ago by a volcanic eruption so big it darkened the skies in Europe and China.

Previous pauses in temperature rise in 1982 and 1991 were attributed to the ash and sulfur aerosols spewed into the atmosphere by the volcanic eruptions of El Chichón in Mexico and Pinatubo in the Philippines, respectively.

In nature, diamonds are formed when carbon is exposed to very high pressure deep in the Earth and are then carried back to the surface by volcanic eruptions.

Beyond human activity, tropical sea surface temperatures further back in time are affected by volcanic eruptions, changes in the intensity of sunlight and natural events like El Niño.