Sentences with phrase «germ line»
The phrase "germ line" refers to the lineage of cells that carry genetic information from one generation to the next. These cells are involved in reproduction and give rise to sperm and egg cells, which pass on DNA to offspring. In other words, the germ line is responsible for transmitting inherited traits and characteristics from parents to their children. Full definition
The Perfect Host: a mouse host embryo facilitating more efficient germ line transmission of genetically modified embryonic stem cells.
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The second aspect deals with the importance of epigenetic processes in the female germ line.
Yet at the clinical level the need for such germ line editing seems more real and arguably commonplace.
Establish a world - wide consortium of mouse production centers to generate germ line transmission of targeted knockout mutations in embryonic stem cells for all known and predicted mouse genes.
Using this method, they tracked the tendency of the X and the Y chromosome copies to move to the daughter germ line stem cell or to the gonialblast.
But because the vinclozolin - induced fertility changes occurred in almost every male rat descended from a treated mother rather than in a small percentage of offspring (as is seen in germ line mutations caused by radiation), Skinner suspects an epigenetic mechanism — a change that doesn't mutate the DNA sequence of an animal, but rather affects how genes are expressed.
The official statement, which says work altering human germ lines should remain only in the lab, caps a three - day summit on using technology to alter the human genome
The first focuses on the protection of the male germ line against transposons.
The Caenorhabditis elegans germ line regulates distinct signaling pathways to control lifespan and innate immunity.
This is a picture of germ line cells of C. elegans showing PIWI and piRNAs (red dots) located outside of germ cell nuclei (blue circles) to scan for RNA passengers that move from nuclei to cytoplasm.
These findings provide evidence for germ line transmission of an extragenic sequence - specific silencing factor and implicate rde - 1 and rde - 4 in the formation of the inherited agent.
The evolution of a distinct germ line that is protected by the diverse somatic functions of the organism is thought to confer an evolutionary advantage — what we call a fitness benefit — to multicellular organisms, whether plant or animal or slime mold.
For his part, Eric Lander from the Broad Institute said in a December 1 presentation at the summit that the need to employ germ line editing would remain very, very rare thanks to other already available reproductive technologies like in - vitro fertilization that could help most people.
«The Drosophila germ line stem cell can be identified at a single - cell resolution, so they are an ideal model,» Yamashita said.
It may not have made the lemur ill, but the retrovirus spread into the animal's testes (or perhaps its ovaries), and once there, it struck the jackpot: It slipped inside one of the rare germ line cells that produce sperm and eggs.
Deep sequencing analysis has shown that this is highly unlikely in the case of J3 as no sequences were generated by deep sequencing of the seven naïve llamas or three other immunized llamas that share greater identity with J3 than its putative germ line V gene.
Therefore, to establish the relative frequency of neutralizing clones within the VHH repertoire, individual sequences were aligned to both the known neutralizing VHH sequences and their most likely germ line V gene sequences and the percentage identity to the neutralizing VHH plotted (Fig. 5C, D).
This makes a certain kind of sense, since the stem cells in the paternal germ line undergo continuous cell division throughout a man's life, whereas a woman is born with all of the eggs she'll ever have.
A culture can be said to contain ES cells, if a chimera generated from the injection of these cells contains «ES cell derived,» somatic, and in particular, germ line tissue.
ii) HNPCC: germ line inactivation of one allele of either of the mismatch repair genes MSH2 or MLH1 in combination with somatic inactivation of the other allele leads to an increase in the mutation rate, which in turn speeds up the adenoma to carcinoma progression.
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In contrast, the mTOR signaling pathway could not be activated in germ line cells, because the mitochondrial complex assembly of germ cells failed to assemble, and the sperm maturation process stagnated at the round sperm stage, ultimately resulting in male sterility.
But in 1999 a group led by geneticists at the University of Sydney in Australia discovered that methylation of the fur color genes persists in the female germ line, allowing it to be passed down to offspring like a change in the DNA.
In the niche are three kinds of cells: germ line stem cells, which divide to produce sperm; somatic cyst stem cells, which make a kind of cell that helps the sperm - producing cells out; and hub cells, which make signals that keep the other two kinds of cells going.
So far, preventing disease by employing CRISPR — Cas9 to alter the human germ line — a human embryo, egg or sperm — has remained extremely controversial, due to concerns about unwittingly introducing errors or leaving stowaway unedited disease - causing mutations that would put future generations at risk of disease.
We are investigating the cellular and genetic damages that transposons can inflict on the male germ line, as well as the cooperation of different levels of transposon control, including specialized small interfering RNAs.
Sophia Millonigg (Eckmann, MPG)-- «The translational activator complex GLD - 4 / GLS - 1 regulates germline stem cell self - renewal and differentiation in the adult C. elegans germ line» (2013)
The study Mammalian oocytes locally remodel follicular architecture to provide the foundation for germ line - soma communication was co-authored by Stephany El - Hayek, Qin Yang, Laleh Abbassi, Greg FitzHarris, and Hugh J. Clarke.
The establishment of the genetically modified mouse line by breeding with the chimeric mice (Germ Line Transmission (GLT) of the mutation)
Single - celled organisms reproduce by mitosis, whereas multi-cellular organisms reproduce by meiosis, using specialised sex cells, the germ line.
What's eye - opening is a growing body of evidence suggesting that the epigenetic changes wrought by one's diet, behavior, or surroundings can work their way into the germ line and echo far into the future.
The germ line, produced by egg and sperm, is the only part of us that naturally survives us in our offspring.
Gene editing could include altering genes in one person — say to treat leukemia in one patient or make a cosmetic change — but, more controversially, it could also include making changes to the germ line that would then alter the genome for an individual's children, grandchildren and the following generations, with potentially unknown repercussions.
These insights can provide new ground for the observation that at least in some cases acquired environmental adaptations can be passed over the germ line to our offspring,» explains Nicola Iovino.
In some organisms, the assignment of a cell to the germ line is caused by an inheritance - based mechanism: Before there is even an embryo, the molecular content of some cells predetermines them to develop as either germ or soma.
That is solely the job of the succession of cells in what we call a germ line.
The stem cells cluster and are easy to identify; they divide to produce another germ line stem cell and a differentiating cell called a gonialblast, which goes on to eventually become a sperm cell.
«We think maybe specific epigenetic information is transmitted to the germ line stem cell and to the gonialblast.»