It's a small lake that under the right circumstances it could be the
site of the impact crater, and it might have been subsequently filled with water.
Since then he has assembled an assortment of data supporting his idea that the
remnants of an impact crater measuring 40 miles across can be found in the desert and its surroundings.
The first detailed images are surprising, showing a remarkable
lack of impact craters on both Pluto and Charon.
Previous studies
of impact craters on Earth hinted that these 60 - atom balls of carbon might exist in space.
A new study
of an impact crater in Finland suggests that such hydrothermal activity could have lasted up to 1.6 million years — at least 10 times longer than theory suggested, providing plenty of time for life to emerge and spread.
That makes a vast network of water - carved valleys on the
flanks of an impact crater called Lyot — which formed somewhere between 1.5 billion and 3 billion years ago — something of a Martian mystery.
Last year, her research team delivered the coup de grâce: evidence
of an impact crater off the northwest coast of Australia, hidden beneath two miles of sediment on the ocean floor.
Before MGS arrived at Mars in 1997, researchers expected to find much more
evidence of impact craters, given the planet's location near the asteroid belt, researchers said.
Ever since NASA's Magellan spacecraft radar - mapped Venus twenty years ago, researchers have been struck by the relative sparseness and random
distribution of its impact craters.
Scientists record the size and
number of impact craters — and how eroded they are — to determine the ages and histories of different planetary surfaces.
In addition to the lack
of any impact craters determined to have occurred around that time anywhere in the world, the radiocarbon dates of the layer of carbon, soot, charcoal, nanodiamonds, microspherules and iridium, asserted to have been the result of this catastrophic event, vary widely before and after the megafaunal extinction, anywhere from 14,000 to 10,000 years ago.
Pictures taken by the camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor suggest that rivulets of liquid water were flowing on the Red Planet within the past few years and may still be flowing today, welling up from beneath the Martian surface and streaming down gullies along the sloping
walls of impact craters.
NASA will guide them at a very shallow angle into the side of a small mountain, part of the
rim of an impact crater.
When the Voyager 2 spacecraft flew past Jupiter and its moons in 1979, it showed that Europa's surface is surprisingly
free of impact craters, which suggests it is somehow recycling the ice on its surface.
The problem is, when you would go to this site, there was no
sign of an impact crater, and so this has been one of things that have made the Tunguska mystery so persistent over the years.
The lack
of an impact crater also suggested that the object could not have been a sturdy iron meteorite but a more fragile object, such as a relatively rare, stony asteroid or a small comet.
It took another decade of evidence gathering, including the
documentation of an impact crater off the Yucatán Peninsula, for the impact theory to win acceptance, he notes.
Other investigators had previously suspected something extraterrestrial about the dome, Bedout (pronounced «be-doo») High, because its uplifted area is a common
feature of impact craters.
Several years ago, Luann Becker and Jeffrey Bada of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in San Diego found buckyballs — tiny cages of carbon atoms — in the
debris of an impact crater in Canada.
The spherules, known as microtektites, are droplets of molten rock that were melted and thrown
out of the impact crater by the energy of the projectile, or condensed from rock that was vaporized upon impact.
The results from their model are similar to estimates obtained by geomorphologists studying the
erosion of impact craters and other features on Titan.
Although past detailed mapping and
measurements of impact craters on Jupiter's large icy moons suggested that the thickness of Europa's ice crust ranges from around 12 miles (20 km) to 16 miles (25 km) thick, researchers hope that refined methods using combined measurements of gravity and the magnetic field made from orbit can better determine the ice crust's thickness as well as its salinity.
The program honors pioneering planetary geologist Gene Shoemaker, who did so much to help us understand the
process of impact cratering on the planets and the nature of the NEO population, and seeks to assist amateur observers, observers in developing countries, and under - funded professional observers contributing to vital NEO research.
If you are talking with K - 1 students about LCROSS, craters, and the Moon, don't miss Science Buddies» «Craters and Meteorites» project idea which gives students an immediate and hands - on look at the
concept of impact craters and the relationship between the size and mass of a meteor and the resulting crater.
Especially astonishing to scientists was the total
absence of impact craters in a zoom - in shot of one otherwise rugged slice of Pluto.
At the same time, the impact would have plastered preexisting river and swamp deposits onto the
flanks of the impact crater, where they would later be imaged as the chaotic deposits in our acoustic - echo profiles.
Studying the
number of impact craters to calculate the age of these regions on the surface, scientists estimated that the planet's magnetic field is very ancient — at least 3.7 billion to 3.9 billion years old.